Từ vựng Tiếng Anh Cơ khí

Dưới đây là một số ví dụ minh hoạ cho từ vựng trong lĩnh vực Cơ khí:

1. Workpiece (Chi tiết gia công): A metal block that is being machined to create a specific shape.
   Example: The workpiece is clamped securely in the vice before the milling process begins.
2. Rake angle (Góc trước): The angle between the rake face of a cutting tool and a reference plane.
   Example: Increasing the rake angle of the drill bit can improve chip evacuation during drilling.
3. Flank (Mặt hông/mặt bên): The side surface of a cutting tool.
   Example: The flank of the milling cutter is responsible for removing material from the workpiece.
4. Face (Mặt trước): The surface of a workpiece that is perpendicular to its axis of rotation.
   Example: The lathe operator uses a facing tool to create a smooth face on the workpiece.
5. Auxiliary cutting edge (Lưỡi cắt phụ): An additional cutting edge on a tool that helps in the machining process.
   Example: The auxiliary cutting edge on the boring bar is used for internal grooving operations.
6. Clearance angle (Góc sau): The angle between the cutting edge and a reference surface behind it.
   Example: A larger clearance angle reduces friction and heat buildup during cutting.
7. Lip angle (Góc sắc): The angle between the cutting edge and the workpiece surface in a single-point cutting tool.
   Example: The lip angle of a drill bit affects the cutting action and chip formation during drilling.
8. Plane approach angle (Góc nghiêng chính): The angle between the tool axis and the workpiece surface during machining.
   Example: Adjusting the plane approach angle can control the depth of cut and surface finish.
9. Auxiliary plane angle (Góc nghiêng phụ): An additional angle used in certain machining operations.
   Example: The auxiliary plane angle is set to ensure accurate chamfering of the workpiece edges.
10. Plane point angle (Góc mũi dao): The angle between the cutting edge and the tool axis in a single-point cutting tool.
    Example: The plane point angle of a lathe tool determines the sharpness of the cutting edge.
11. Nose radius (Bán kính mũi dao): The radius of curvature at the tip of a cutting tool.
    Example: A larger nose radius on the turning tool reduces tool wear and improves surface finish.
12. Built up edge (Lẹo dao): The accumulation of workpiece material on the cutting edge of a tool.
    Example: The built up edge needs to be periodically removed to maintain the cutting performance of the tool.
13. Roughing turning tool (Dao tiện thô): A cutting tool designed for high material removal rates in rough turning operations.
    Example: The roughing turning tool quickly removes excess material from the workpiece to prepare it for finishing.
14. Finishing turning tool (Dao tiện tinh): A cutting tool used for precision machining to achieve a smooth surface finish.
    Example: The finishing turning tool is capable of producing mirror-like surface finishes on the workpiece.
15. Pointed turning tool (Dao tiện tinh đầu nhọn): A cutting tool with a pointed tip used for detailed turning operations.
    Example: The pointed turning tool is ideal for creating intricate shapes and small features on the workpiece.
16. Board turning tool (Dao tiện tinh rộng bản): A cutting tool with a wide flat surface used for facing large workpieces.
    Example: The board turning tool quickly removes material from the workpiece to create a flat and smooth surface.
17. Chamfer tool (Dao vát mép): A cutting tool used to create a beveled edge or chamfer on the workpiece.
    Example: The chamfer tool is essential for removing sharp edges and improving the aesthetics of the workpiece.
18. Machined surface (Bề mặt đã gia công): The surface of a workpiece that has been processed by machining operations.
    Example: The machined surface of the part has a high level of precision and smoothness.
19. Longitudinal feed (Chạy dao dọc): The movement of the cutting tool along the length of the workpiece during machining.
    Example: The operator adjusts the longitudinal feed rate to control the material removal rate and surface finish.
20. Lathe bed (Băng máy): The base or foundation of a lathe machine that supports the moving parts.
    Example: The lathe bed provides stability and rigidity to ensure accurate machining operations.
21. Saddle (Bàn trượt): The sliding component of a lathe that holds the cutting tool and moves along the lathe bed.
    Example: The saddle moves smoothly along the lathe bed, allowing the cutting tool to engage with the workpiece.
22. Backing-off lathe (Máy tiện hớt lưng): A lathe machine specifically designed for removing material from the rear face of a workpiece.
    Example: The backing-off lathe is used to create a recess or relief on the backside of the workpiece.
23. Bench lathe (Máy tiện để bàn): A small lathe machine designed for use on a workbench or tabletop.
    Example: The bench lathe is commonly used for light-duty turning, threading, and polishing operations.
24. Camshaft lathe (Máy tiện trục cam): A specialized lathe used for machining camshafts in automotive engines.
    Example: The camshaft lathe accurately shapes the cam lobes according to the desired cam profile.
25. Cylindrical milling cutter (Dao phay mặt trụ): A cutting tool with cylindrical-shaped teeth used for milling cylindrical surfaces.
    Example: The cylindrical milling cutter is used in CNC milling machines to create grooves and slots on cylindrical workpieces.
26. Milling machine (Máy phay): A machine tool used for removing material from a workpiece using rotary cutters.
    Example: The milling machine is capable of producing complex shapes and precise dimensions on the workpiece.
27. Vertical milling machine (Máy phay dọc): A type of milling machine where the spindle is vertically oriented.
    Example: The vertical milling machine is commonly used for operations such as face milling and drilling.
28. Horizontal milling machine (Máy phay ngang): A type of milling machine where the spindle is horizontally oriented.
    Example: The horizontal milling machine is suitable for heavy-duty milling operations and producing grooves and slots.
29. CNC (Computer Numerical Control) (Điều khiển số tự động máy tính): A system that uses computerized controls to operate machine tools.
    Example: CNC technology allows for precise and automated machining processes with minimal human intervention.
30. Tool holder (Kẹp dao): A device used to secure cutting tools in a machine tool.
    Example: The tool holder ensures the stability and rigidity of the cutting tool during machining operations.
31. Spindle (Trục chính): The rotating component of a machine tool that holds the cutting tool.
    Example: The spindle of the lathe rotates the workpiece, allowing the cutting tool to remove material.
32. Feed rate (Tốc độ cắt): The speed at which the cutting tool moves along the workpiece during machining.
    Example: Increasing the feed rate can improve productivity but may affect the surface finish of the workpiece.
33. Chip (Mảnh vụn): The small pieces of material that are removed during machining.
    Example: The chips produced during milling need to be properly evacuated to prevent damage to the cutting tool.
34. Jig (Khung định vị): A device used to hold and guide the workpiece or cutting tool during machining operations.
    Example: The jig ensures accurate positioning and alignment of the workpiece, resulting in precise machining.
35. Fixture (Kẹp gia công): A device used to secure the workpiece in place during machining operations.
    Example: The fixture holds the workpiece firmly to prevent movement and ensure consistent machining results.
36. Tolerance (Tolerances): The allowable deviation from a specified dimension or specification.
    Example: The machined part must meet the specified tolerances to ensure proper fit and functionality.
37. Surface roughness (Độ nhám bề mặt): The measure of irregularities or texture on a machined surface.
    Example: The surface roughness of the workpiece is critical for applications where friction or sealing is involved.
38. Cutting speed (Tốc độ cắt): The speed at which the cutting tool moves across the workpiece surface.
    Example: The cutting speed is determined based on the material being machined, tool material, and desired surface finish.
39. Tool life (Tuổi thọ dao): The duration or number of parts a cutting tool can machine before it needs to be replaced.
    Example: Monitoring tool life is crucial to maintain production efficiency and minimize tooling costs.
40. Coolant (Chất làm mát): A substance, often a liquid, used to cool and lubricate the cutting tool and workpiece during machining.
    Example: The coolant helps dissipate heat and flush away chips, improving tool life and surface finish.