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<title><![CDATA[Bài 19 - Kinds of a paragraph (Các dạng đoạn văn)]]></title> 
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<pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 16:59:12 +0000</pubDate> 
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	<p><strong>1. ĐOẠN VĂN ĐỊNH NGHĨA</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Định nghĩa</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Đoạn văn định nghĩa l&agrave; đoạn văn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;được d&ugrave;ng để giải th&iacute;ch ngữ nghĩa, chức năng v&agrave; nguồn gốc của sự vật,&nbsp;&nbsp;hiện tượng. Loại đoạn văn n&agrave;y được d&ugrave;ng cả trong văn học thuật v&agrave; trong&nbsp;&nbsp;tiểu thuyết. Để viết đoạn văn định nghĩa người viết n&ecirc;n tập trung v&agrave;o&nbsp;&nbsp;vai tr&ograve; của chủ đề trong văn cảnh rồi đưa ra &yacute; kiến của m&igrave;nh sau đ&oacute; giải&nbsp;&nbsp;th&iacute;ch. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>V&iacute; dụ:</strong> Một đoạn văn viết để định nghĩa về một loại th&uacute; nu&ocirc;i.</p> <p>Những từ sau c&oacute; thể gi&uacute;p bạn viết một đoạn văn định nghĩa đạt y&ecirc;u cầu.</p> <p>1. &quot;is defined as&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> V&iacute; dụ:&nbsp;&nbsp;A pest is defined as any animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property.</p> <p>2. &quot;is a kind of&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> V&iacute; dụ:&nbsp;&nbsp;A pest is a kind of animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>2. ĐOẠN VĂN PH&Acirc;N LOẠI</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><br /> Định nghĩa</strong><br /> <br /> Đoạn văn ph&acirc;n loại l&agrave; đoạn văn được d&ugrave;ng để ph&acirc;n chia vấn đề của đoạn&nbsp;&nbsp;văn theo những văn cảnh cụ thể. Sự ph&acirc;n loại ấy c&oacute; thể diễn ra ở nhiều&nbsp;&nbsp;mức độ. Thứ nhất l&agrave; ngữ nghĩa (so s&aacute;nh sự kh&aacute;c nhau về nghĩa của c&aacute;c&nbsp;&nbsp;vật) sau đ&oacute; l&agrave; về mặt ng&ocirc;n ngữ v&agrave; ngo&agrave;i ra c&ograve;n nhiều mặt kh&aacute;c nữa. <br /> Khi viết đoạn văn ph&acirc;n loại bạn n&ecirc;n nh&oacute;m những sự việc hoặc &yacute; kiến theo&nbsp;&nbsp;những phạm tr&ugrave; cụ thể. Điều đ&oacute; sẽ gi&uacute;p đoạn văn của bạn logic v&agrave; khoa&nbsp;&nbsp;học hơn. <br /> <strong><br /> V&iacute; dụ:</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Đoạn văn viết&nbsp;&nbsp;để tranh luận về hai nguồn năng lượng kh&aacute;c nhau. </p> <p>Những từ sau c&oacute; thể gi&uacute;p bạn viết một đoạn văn ph&acirc;n loại tốt.</p> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="134"><strong>Những từ hữu dụng </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="350">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>is a kind of </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>can be divided into </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>is a type of </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>falls under </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>belongs to </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> is a part of </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> fits into </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>is grouped with </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>is related to </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>is associated with</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="74"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="410">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Coal <strong>is a kind of</strong> non-renewable resource. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Energy resources <strong>can be divided into</strong> two types. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Coal <strong>is a type of</strong> non-renewable resource. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Coal <strong>falls under</strong> the category of non-renewable resources. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> Coal <strong>belongs to</strong> the category of non-renewable resources. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Coal <strong>is a part of</strong> the category of non-renewable resources. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Coal <strong>fits into</strong> the category of non-renewable resources. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Coal <strong>is grouped with</strong> non-renewable resources. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Coal <strong>is related to</strong> other non-renewable resources. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Coal <strong>is associated with</strong> other non-renewable resources. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>3. ĐOẠN VĂN MI&Ecirc;U TẢ</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><br /> Định nghĩa</strong><br /> <br /> Đoạn văn mi&ecirc;u tả l&agrave; đoạn văn được d&ugrave;ng để tả người, địa điểm hoặc sự&nbsp;&nbsp;vật, gi&uacute;p bạn mường tượng&nbsp;&nbsp;trong đầu một số h&igrave;nh ảnh về những g&igrave; đang&nbsp;&nbsp;diễn ra. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Th&ocirc;ng thường những đoạn văn mi&ecirc;u tả c&oacute; xu hướng tập trung v&agrave;o h&agrave;nh động&nbsp;&nbsp;(được thể hiện bằng động từ) hơn l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;cảm gi&aacute;c (được biểu đạt bằng trạng&nbsp;&nbsp;từ v&agrave; t&iacute;nh từ). Ngo&agrave;i ra đoạn văn mi&ecirc;u tả n&ecirc;n được viết một c&aacute;ch r&otilde;&nbsp;&nbsp;r&agrave;ng, chi tiết v&agrave; được đưa ra theo tr&igrave;nh tự thời gian.<br /> <strong><br /> V&iacute; dụ: </strong>Đoạn văn viết để mi&ecirc;u tả gấu Bắc cực hay một đoạn văn viết để ti&ecirc;u tả vị tr&iacute; địa l&yacute; của Canada. </p> <p>Những từ sau c&oacute; thể gi&uacute;p bạn viết một đoạn văn mi&ecirc;u tả tốt:</p> <table border="2" cellspacing="2" width="41%">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="19%" align="middle"><strong>Đặc t&iacute;nh </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="26%" align="middle"><strong>K&iacute;ch thước </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="25%" align="middle"><strong>Sự tương tự </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="30%" align="middle"><strong>Vị tr&iacute; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">size</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">length</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">is like</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">in</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">colour</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">width</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">resembles</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">above</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">shape</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">mass/weight</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">below</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">purpose</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">speed</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">beside</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">near</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">north/east/south/west</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tbody> </table> <br /> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="4" width="80" align="left" valign="middle"><strong>Đặc t&iacute;nh </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="410">Polar bears are big in <strong>size</strong>.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> Polar bears are usually white in <strong>colour</strong>.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Polar bears have a special <strong>shape</strong>.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The <strong>purpose</strong> of the polar bear's fur is to keep it warm.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="4" align="left"><strong>K&iacute;ch thước </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The <strong>length </strong>of a polar bear's claws is 20 cm.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> The <strong>width </strong>of a polar bear's head is about 50 cm.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Polar bears <strong>weigh </strong>up to 650 kg.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Polar bears can swim at a <strong>speed </strong>of 40 km per hour.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="2" align="left"><strong>Sự tương tự </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>A polar bear<strong> is like</strong> other bears in shape.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>A polar bear <strong>resembles</strong> other bears in shape.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="6" align="left"><strong>Vị tr&iacute; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Most of Canada's manufacturing is located <strong>in</strong> Ontario and Quebec.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The ceiling is <strong>above</strong> us.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Most of Ontario is <strong>below</strong> Hudson Bay.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Quebec is located <strong>beside</strong> Ontario.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Many companies are located <strong>near</strong> Toronto.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Ontario is <strong>west </strong>of Quebec. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <p><strong>4. ĐOẠN VĂN SO S&Aacute;NH</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Định nghĩa</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Đoạn văn so s&aacute;nh l&agrave; đoạn văn được d&ugrave;ng để đưa ra những điểm tương đồng v&agrave; kh&aacute;c biệt giữa người, địa điểm, sự vật v&agrave; &yacute; kiến.</p> <p><strong>V&iacute; dụ:</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;Đoạn văn viết để so s&aacute;nh thời tiết ở&nbsp;&nbsp;Vancouver v&agrave; Halifax.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Những từ sau c&oacute; thể gi&uacute;p bạn viết một đoạn văn so s&aacute;nh tốt:</p> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="2" align="center"><strong>Những từ hữu &iacute;ch để chỉ<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="237" align="center" valign="top"><strong>Điểm tương đồng <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="247" align="center"><strong>Điểm kh&aacute;c biệt <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="center"><em><strong>Những li&ecirc;n từ ngắn</strong></em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="center"><em><strong>Những li&ecirc;n từ ngắn</strong></em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>is similar to </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>however </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Similarly, </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>..., but </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Likewise, </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>..., yet </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>...the same... </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>in contrast </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td height="29">...the same as... </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>By contrast, </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>both </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>also</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>too </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>as well </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="center"><em><strong>C&aacute;ch biểu đạt d&agrave;i hơn </strong></em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="center"><em><strong>Những li&ecirc;n từ phụ thuộc</strong></em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>In the same way, </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">On the other hand,&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td height="26">X is similar to Y in that </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">even though </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>X and Y are similar in that (they)... </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">although </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Like X, Y ... </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">differs from </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>In like manner, </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">unlike </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>One way in which X is similar to </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">while </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Another way in which X is similar to Y is (that)... </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">whereas </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">nevertheless, </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <br /> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="101"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="383">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="5" width="101" align="left"><strong>Điểm tương đồng </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="383">Spring weather in Vancouver <strong>is similar to</strong> spring weather in Halifax.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Both</strong> Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> Halifax <strong>also</strong> has a rainy spring season.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Halifax has a rainy spring season,<strong> too.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>As well,</strong> Halifax has rainy spring season.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="6" align="left"><strong>Điểm kh&aacute;c biệt </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>On the other hand,</strong> winter is much colder in Halifax.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>However,</strong> winter is much colder in Halifax.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Vancouver has a mild winter, <strong>but</strong> Halifax has a cold one.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>In contrast</strong> to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Halifax <strong>differs from</strong> Vancouver by having a cold winter.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>While</strong> Vancouver has a mild winter, Halifax has a cold winter.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp; <p><strong>5. ĐOẠN VĂN TƯỜNG THUẬT </strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Định nghĩa</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Đoạn văn tường thuật l&agrave; đoạn văn được d&ugrave;ng để kể cho người đọc những điều diễn ra trong c&acirc;u chuyện.<br /> Đoạn văn tường thuật được d&ugrave;ng phổ biến nhất trong tiểu thuyết. Ch&uacute;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;thường bao gồm tất cả c&aacute;c yếu tố cần thiết cho sự ph&aacute;t triển của h&agrave;nh&nbsp;&nbsp;động như: người giữ vai tr&ograve; ch&iacute;nh, sự bố tr&iacute;, sự sắp đặt, mục đ&iacute;ch, mục&nbsp;&nbsp;ti&ecirc;u, sự trở ngại, đỉnh điểm v&agrave; sự giải quyết.<br /> Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy đoạn văn tường thuật thường y&ecirc;u cầu người viết sắp xếp sự&nbsp;&nbsp;kiện theo thứ tự li&ecirc;n tục hoặc theo tr&igrave;nh tự thời gian. Phần th&acirc;n của&nbsp;&nbsp;đoạn văn tường thuật thường gồm nhiều yếu tố nhưng nếu viết đ&uacute;ng c&aacute;ch,&nbsp;&nbsp;n&eacute;t nổi bật của đoạn văn sẽ l&agrave; h&agrave;nh động chứ kh&ocirc;ng phải l&agrave; mi&ecirc;u tả. </p> <p><strong>V&iacute; dụ:</strong> Một đoạn văn đưa ra qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh một người trở th&agrave;nh thủ tướng.</p> <p>Những từ sau c&oacute; thể gi&uacute;p bạn viết một đoạn văn tường thuật tốt:</p> <table border="1" width="41%">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="2" align="center"><strong>Những từ hữu dụng <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="48%" align="middle"><strong>Theo thứ tự </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="52%" align="middle"><strong>Theo thời gian </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">first, second, third, etc.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">recently</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">in the beginning</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">previously</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">before</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">afterwards</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">then</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">when</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">after</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">after</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">finally</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">at last</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">subsequently </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tbody> </table> <br /> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="85"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="399">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="8" width="85" align="left"><strong>Theo thứ tự </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="399"><strong>First,</strong> you need to become a leader of a political party. <strong>Second, </strong>you need to win a seat in the House of Commons. <strong>Third,</strong> your party must have a majority of seats.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>In the beginning,</strong> you need to become a leader of a political party.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Before</strong> becoming the prime minister, you need to become the leader of a political party.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Then,</strong> you must win a seat in the House of Commons.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>After</strong> winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Finally,</strong> after all these steps, you can call yourself the prime minister.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>At last,</strong> you can call yourself the prime minister.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Subsequently,</strong> you must make sure you have a majority of seats in the House of Commons.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="5" align="left"><p><strong>Theo thời gian </strong></p></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>She was <strong>recently</strong> elected prime minister.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>She is the new prime minister. <strong>Previously,</strong> she worked as a lawyer in Toronto.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>She won the party leadership last year. <strong>Afterwards,</strong> she won the election.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>When</strong> she won the party leadership, she was still working as a lawyer.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><p><strong>After</strong> winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats.</p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <p><strong>6. ĐOẠN VĂN LỰA CHỌN</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Định nghĩa</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Đoạn văn lựa chọn l&agrave; đoạn văn m&agrave; bạn cần phải quyết định sẽ lựa chọn&nbsp;&nbsp;đối tượng, &yacute; tưởng hoặc h&agrave;nh động n&agrave;o m&agrave; bạn th&iacute;ch. Th&ocirc;ng thường bạn sẽ&nbsp;&nbsp;cần đưa ra &yacute; kiến của bạn về sự lựa chọn của m&igrave;nh (h&agrave;nh động hoặc hiện&nbsp;&nbsp;tượng).</p> <p><strong>V&iacute; dụ:</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Một đoạn văn viết để n&oacute;i xem bạn sẽ th&iacute;ch chơi kh&uacute;c c&ocirc;n cầu hay <em>lacrosse</em> (m&ocirc;n thể thao d&ugrave;ng vợt để bắt v&agrave; n&eacute;m b&oacute;ng).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Những từ sau c&oacute; thể gi&uacute;p bạn viết một đoạn văn tường thuật tốt:</p> &lt; tr&gt; <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="2" align="center"><strong>Những từ hữu dụng <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="245" align="middle"><strong>Quan điểm</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="249" align="middle"><strong>&Yacute; kiến c&aacute; nh&acirc;n </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">in my opinion</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">like/dislike</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">belief</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">hope</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">idea</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">feel</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">understanding</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">I think that</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">I consider</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">I believe</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">it seems to me</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">I prefer</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="95"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="389">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="9" width="95"><strong>Quan điểm</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="395"><strong>In my opinion</strong>, hockey is more fun than lacrosse.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>My <strong>belief</strong> is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> My <strong>idea</strong> is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>My <strong>understanding</strong> is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>I think that I</strong> would prefer to play hockey and not lacrosse.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I <strong>consider</strong> hockey to be more exciting than lacrosse.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> I <strong>believe</strong> hockey is more exciting than lacrosse.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>It seems to me</strong> that hockey is more exciting than lacrosse.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> I <strong>prefer</strong> hockey over lacrosse.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="3"><strong>&Yacute; kiến c&aacute; nh&acirc;n </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> I <strong>like </strong>the sport of hockey because it is fast and exciting.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I <strong>hope</strong> that I can play hockey in the future.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I <strong>feel </strong>that hockey is my favorite sport. <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <p><strong>7. ĐOẠN VĂN GIẢI TH&Iacute;CH</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> <strong>Định nghĩa</strong> </p> <p>Đoạn văn giải th&iacute;ch l&agrave; đoạn văn m&agrave; trong đ&oacute; bạn cần phải giải th&iacute;ch&nbsp;&nbsp;hoặc đưa ra l&yacute; do xảy ra sự việc n&agrave;o đ&oacute;. Th&ocirc;ng thường trong c&aacute;c chuy&ecirc;n&nbsp;&nbsp;ng&agrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n cứu về x&atilde; hội bạn sẽ&nbsp;&nbsp;cầu phải t&igrave;m hiểu nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n v&agrave; kết&nbsp;&nbsp;quả của một sự kiện n&agrave;o đ&oacute;. </p> <p><strong>V&iacute; dụ:</strong> Một đoạn văn viết để giải th&iacute;ch tại sao c&oacute; rất nhiều người Ch&acirc;u &Acirc;u di cư đến Canada trong khoảng thế kỷ 19.</p> <p>Những từ sau c&oacute; thể gi&uacute;p bạn viết một đoạn văn giải th&iacute;ch tốt:</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="5" width="41%">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="2" align="center"><strong>Những từ hữu dụng </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle"><strong>Nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle"><strong>Kết quả </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">because</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">therefore</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">since</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">thus</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">as a result of</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">consequently</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">is due to</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">hence</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">it follows that</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">if . . . then</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tbody> </table> <br /> <table border="1" width="499">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="93"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="396">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="4"><strong>Nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>People moved to Canada from Europe during the nineteenth century <strong>because</strong> they had poor living conditions in Europe.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Since</strong> living conditions in Europe were terrible, many people moved to Canada.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>People moved to Canada from Europe <strong>as a result of</strong> poor living conditions in Europe.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The large influx of people to Canada <strong>was due to</strong> economic pressures in Europe.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="6"><strong>Kết quả </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Living conditions in Europe were terrible. <strong>Therefore,</strong> many people moved to Canada for a better life.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Living conditions in Europe were terrible. <strong>Thus,</strong> many people moved to Canada for a better life.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> Living conditions were terrible in Europe. <strong>Consequently,</strong> many people moved to Canada.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> Living conditions were terrible in Europe. <strong>Hence,</strong> many people moved to Canada.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Living conditions were terrible in Europe. <strong>It follows that</strong> many people moved to Canada.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>If</strong> living conditions were better in Europe, <strong>then</strong> fewer people would have moved to Canada.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <p><strong>8. ĐOẠN VĂN Đ&Aacute;NH GI&Aacute;</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><br /> Định nghĩa</strong> </p> <p>Đoạn văn đ&aacute;nh gi&aacute; l&agrave; đoạn văn m&agrave; trong đ&oacute; bạn sẽ đưa ra lời nhận x&eacute;t,&nbsp;&nbsp;đ&aacute;nh gi&aacute; của bạn về người, &yacute; kiến hoặc những h&agrave;nh động c&oacute; thể xảy ra.&nbsp;&nbsp;Bạn cần phải đ&aacute;nh gi&aacute; dựa tr&ecirc;n những ti&ecirc;u chuẩn nhất định. Khi viết dạng&nbsp;&nbsp;đoạn văn n&agrave;y bạn c&oacute; thể đưa ra lời đ&aacute;nh gi&aacute; v&agrave; gợi &yacute; trước rồi củng cố&nbsp;&nbsp;những &yacute; kiến đ&oacute; bằng c&aacute;ch đưa ra hệ ti&ecirc;u chuẩn của bạn.</p> <p><strong>V&iacute; dụ:</strong> Một đoạn văn viết để đ&aacute;nh gi&aacute; xem c&oacute; n&ecirc;n sử dụng thuốc trừ s&acirc;u v&agrave;o việc trồng trọt hay kh&ocirc;ng.</p> <p>Những từ sau c&oacute; thể gi&uacute;p bạn viết một đoạn văn giải th&iacute;ch tốt:</p> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="2" align="center"><strong>Những từ hữu dụng <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="230" align="middle"><strong>Ti&ecirc;u chuẩn để đ&aacute;nh gi&aacute; </strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="264" align="middle"><strong>Sự gợi &yacute; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">good / bad</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">suggest</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">correct / incorrect</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">recommend</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">moral / immral</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">advise</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">right / wrong</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">argue</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">important / trivial</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="middle">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="5" width="95"><strong>Ti&ecirc;u chuẩn </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="395">The use of pesticides such as DDT is <strong>bad</strong> for the environment.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The belief that pesticides must be used is <strong>incorrect.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The use of pesticides to control pests is <strong>immoral </strong>because it harms the environment.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>It is <strong>wrong</strong> to use pesticides because they harm the environment.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The issue of pesticides is an <strong>important </strong>one because it affects the environment.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="4"><strong>Sự gợi &yacute; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> I <strong>suggest</strong> that pesticides should not be used to control pests.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I<strong> recommend </strong>that pesticides should not be used because they are harmful to the environment.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I would <strong>advise</strong> farmers not to use pesticides if possible.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I would <strong>argue</strong> that pesticides should not be used because they harm the environment.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>B&Agrave;I TẬP THỰC H&Agrave;NH:</strong> C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y x&aacute;c định dạng của những đoạn văn dưới đ&acirc;y.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32" valign="top"><strong>1.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458" valign="top"><em>The WikiAnswers site is a&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;colorful place. Bright oranges, blues, and greens entice the eye and&nbsp;&nbsp;make you&nbsp;&nbsp; want to look around and see what is there. Little cartoon&nbsp;&nbsp;aliens decorate the&nbsp;&nbsp; site and point to interesting things. Clicking on&nbsp;&nbsp;the buttons and arrows make&nbsp;&nbsp; new pages pop up, or make things change&nbsp;&nbsp;around.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>2.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><em>The writer pauses to consider&nbsp;&nbsp; what the&nbsp;&nbsp;students need to know, then writes another sentence. These sentences&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all lead the reader toward the idea that a paragraph is just a way of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;communicating. After the writer finishes this paragraph, there will be&nbsp;&nbsp;another&nbsp;&nbsp; that needs to be written. The writer glances at the clock on&nbsp;&nbsp;the wall. Will&nbsp;&nbsp; there be enough time?<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>3.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><em>&quot;Americans can be divided into three&nbsp;&nbsp;groups--smokers, nonsmokers and&nbsp;&nbsp;that expanding pack of us who have&nbsp;&nbsp;quit. Those who have never smoked&nbsp;&nbsp;don't know what they're missing, but&nbsp;&nbsp;former smokers, ex-smokers,&nbsp;&nbsp;reformed smokers can never forget. We are&nbsp;&nbsp;veterans of a personal war,&nbsp;&nbsp;linked by that watershed experience of&nbsp;&nbsp;ceasing to smoke and by the&nbsp;&nbsp;temptation to have just one more cigarette.&nbsp;&nbsp;For almost all of us&nbsp;&nbsp;ex-smokers, smoking continues to play an&nbsp;&nbsp;important role in our lives.&nbsp;&nbsp;And now that it is being restricted in&nbsp;&nbsp;restaurants around the country&nbsp;&nbsp;and will be banned in almost all indoor&nbsp;&nbsp;public places in New York State&nbsp;&nbsp;starting next month, it is vital that&nbsp;&nbsp;everyone understand the different&nbsp;&nbsp;emotional states cessation of smoking&nbsp;&nbsp;can cause. I have observed four&nbsp;&nbsp;of them; and in the interest of&nbsp;&nbsp;science I have classified them as those&nbsp;&nbsp;of the zealot, the evangelist,&nbsp;&nbsp;the elect and the serene. Each day, each&nbsp;&nbsp;category gains new recruits.&quot; <br /> (Franklin Zimring, &quot;Confessions on an Ex-Smoker,&quot; Newsweek <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>4.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><em>Paragraphs are like&nbsp;&nbsp; conversations. Each&nbsp;&nbsp;conversation is a series of statements, questions, or&nbsp;&nbsp; explanations&nbsp;&nbsp;that pass along information. Each paragraph is also a series of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sentences that pass along information. A paragraph is different from a&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conversation because a paragraph can be edited and changed after you&nbsp;&nbsp;write it&nbsp;&nbsp; down, and a conversation can't be taken back once you have&nbsp;&nbsp;spoken the&nbsp;&nbsp; words.</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>5.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><em>In order to write a paragraph,&nbsp;&nbsp; first you&nbsp;&nbsp;think about what you want to say. Pretend that you are explaining&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;things to your friends, or to a younger person. Try to explain in simple&nbsp;&nbsp;terms&nbsp;&nbsp; that are easy to follow. Once you have thought about it, start&nbsp;&nbsp;writing down what&nbsp;&nbsp; you would say out loud. That's all you need to do to&nbsp;&nbsp;write a&nbsp;&nbsp; paragraph.</em><br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>6.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><em>A definition tells you what a&nbsp;&nbsp; word or term&nbsp;&nbsp;means. This paragraph tells you what a defining paragraph is, so&nbsp;&nbsp; this&nbsp;&nbsp;paragraph is a defining paragraph about defining paragraphs! When you&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;define something, you want to use simple words so that your reader will&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;understand what you are saying.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>7.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><p><em>My most valuable possession is an old,&nbsp;&nbsp;slightly warped blond&nbsp;&nbsp;guitar--the first instrument I taught myself how&nbsp;&nbsp;to play. It's nothing&nbsp;&nbsp;fancy, just a Madeira folk guitar, all scuffed&nbsp;&nbsp;and scratched and&nbsp;&nbsp;finger-printed. At the top is a bramble of&nbsp;&nbsp;copper-wound strings, each&nbsp;&nbsp;one hooked through the eye of a silver&nbsp;&nbsp;tuning key. The strings are&nbsp;&nbsp;stretched down a long, slim neck, its frets&nbsp;&nbsp;tarnished, the wood worn by&nbsp;&nbsp;years of fingers pressing chords and&nbsp;&nbsp;picking notes. The body of the&nbsp;&nbsp;Madeira is shaped like an enormous&nbsp;&nbsp;yellow pear, one that was slightly&nbsp;&nbsp;damaged in shipping. The blond wood&nbsp;&nbsp;has been chipped and gouged to&nbsp;&nbsp;gray, particularly where the pick guard&nbsp;&nbsp;fell off years ago. No, it's&nbsp;&nbsp;not a beautiful instrument, but it still&nbsp;&nbsp;lets me make music, and for&nbsp;&nbsp;that I will always treasure it.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em></p></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>8.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><em>Paraphrasing is used for different purposes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Some paraphrases will&nbsp;&nbsp;be designated to support already existing&nbsp;&nbsp;evidence. Others will&nbsp;&nbsp;reinforce argumentation against evidence. Still&nbsp;&nbsp;others will help to&nbsp;&nbsp;develop existing arguments and provide back-up for&nbsp;&nbsp;any conclusion drawn&nbsp;&nbsp;in the course of writing. Depending on the&nbsp;&nbsp;function, paraphrases will&nbsp;&nbsp;be introduced in accordance with their&nbsp;&nbsp;unique context. Quotations&nbsp;&nbsp;require yet another approach. They are not&nbsp;&nbsp;self-expressive because&nbsp;&nbsp;every quotation can signify a number of&nbsp;&nbsp;different things in various&nbsp;&nbsp;contexts. It is both the introduction and&nbsp;&nbsp;the commentary that follows&nbsp;&nbsp;it which decides about its context and the&nbsp;&nbsp;ultimate meaning of a given&nbsp;&nbsp;citation in an essay. Paraphrasing&nbsp;&nbsp;quotations - changing the original&nbsp;&nbsp;words or sense is not allowed</em>.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>9.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> <em>Even though Arizona and Rhode Island are both&nbsp;&nbsp;states of the U.S., they are strikingly different in many ways. For&nbsp;&nbsp;example, the physical size of each state is different. Arizona is large,&nbsp;&nbsp;having an area of 114,000 square miles, whereas Rhode Island is only&nbsp;&nbsp;about a tenth the size, having an area of only 1,214 square miles.&nbsp;&nbsp;Another difference is in the size of the population of each state.&nbsp;&nbsp;Arizona has about four million people living in it, but Rhode Island has&nbsp;&nbsp;less than one million. The two states also differ in the kinds of&nbsp;&nbsp;natural environments that each has. For example, Arizona is a very dry&nbsp;&nbsp;state, consisting of large desert areas that do not receive much&nbsp;&nbsp;rainfall every year. However, Rhode Island is located in a temperate&nbsp;&nbsp;zone and receives an average of 44 inches of rain per year. In addition,&nbsp;&nbsp;while Arizona is a landlocked state and thus has no seashore, Rhode&nbsp;&nbsp;Island lies on the Atlantic Ocean and does have a significant coastline.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>10.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><em>A definition tells you what a&nbsp;&nbsp; word or term&nbsp;&nbsp;means. This paragraph tells you what a defining paragraph is, so&nbsp;&nbsp; this&nbsp;&nbsp;paragraph is a defining paragraph about defining paragraphs! When you&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;define something, you want to use simple words so that your reader will&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;understand what you are saying.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>Đ&Aacute;P &Aacute;N</strong><br /> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500"><tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="34"><strong>1.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="456">Đoạn văn mi&ecirc;u tả</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>2.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Đoạn văn tường thuật</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>3.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Đoạn văn ph&acirc;n loại</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>4.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Đoạn văn so s&aacute;nh</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>5.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Đoạn văn giải th&iacute;ch</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>6.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Đoạn văn định nghĩa</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>7.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Đoạn văn mi&ecirc;u tả</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>8.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Đoạn văn ph&acirc;n loại</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>9.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Đoạn văn so s&aacute;nh</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>10.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Đoạn văn so s&aacute;nh</td></tr></tbody></table><br/>Tags - <a href="http://hoctienganh.info/tag.php?tag=hocvietcoban" rel="tag">hocvietcoban</a>
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<link>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?524</link>
<title><![CDATA[Bài 18 - How to write a paragraph (Cách viết đoạn văn)]]></title> 
<author>admin &lt;phamhongtu@gmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Học viết cơ bản]]></category>
<pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 16:57:20 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?524</guid> 
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	<p><strong>TRƯỚC KHI VIẾT ĐOẠN</strong></p><p><img class="insertimage" src="attachment.php?fid=41" border="0" width="155" height="183" /></p><p><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Định nghĩa</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Đ&acirc;y l&agrave; giai đoạn c&aacute;c bạn suy nghĩ cẩn thận v&agrave; tổ chức &yacute; cho đoạn văn m&agrave; bạn định viết.<br /> <br /> <strong>C&aacute;c bước thực hiện</strong></p> <p>1. Suy nghĩ cẩn thận về những điều bạn định viết. H&atilde;y tử hỏi m&igrave;nh:&nbsp;&nbsp;M&igrave;nh n&ecirc;n trả lời c&acirc;u hỏi của b&agrave;i như thế n&agrave;o? Phần quan trọng nhất của&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u hỏi l&agrave; g&igrave;? M&igrave;nh n&ecirc;n viết c&acirc;u chủ đề như thế n&agrave;o? M&igrave;nh n&ecirc;n d&ugrave;ng những&nbsp;&nbsp;sự việc, &yacute; kiến n&agrave;o để bổ trợ cho c&acirc;u đề t&agrave;i? M&igrave;nh phải viết như thế&nbsp;&nbsp;n&agrave;o để đoạn văn hay v&agrave; l&ocirc;i cuốn? M&igrave;nh c&oacute; cần phải bổ sung th&ecirc;m c&aacute;c sự&nbsp;&nbsp;kiện thuộc đề t&agrave;i đ&oacute; hay kh&ocirc;ng? Phải t&igrave;m c&aacute;c sự kiện đ&oacute; ở đ&acirc;u?</p> <p>2. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y mở cuốn sổ tay của bạn hoặc đơn giản chỉ l&agrave; một tờ&nbsp;&nbsp;giấy nh&aacute;p rồi viết c&acirc;u trả lời của những c&acirc;u hỏi tr&ecirc;n v&agrave;o đ&oacute;. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n&nbsp;&nbsp;c&aacute;c bạn cũng kh&ocirc;ng cần phải d&agrave;nh qu&aacute; nhiều thời gian cho bước n&agrave;y; đừng&nbsp;&nbsp;viết qu&aacute; chi tiết, chỉ cần viết ngắn gọn đủ để gi&uacute;p bạn nhớ được mục&nbsp;&nbsp;đ&iacute;ch v&agrave; phương thức để viết đoạn văn. </p> <p>3. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y thu thập c&aacute;c sự việc, sự kiện li&ecirc;n quan đến đề t&agrave;i của&nbsp;&nbsp;đoạn văn. Sau đ&oacute; bạn h&atilde;y t&igrave;m trong số những sự việc, sự kiện đ&oacute; phần c&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;thể trả lời c&acirc;u hỏi của bạn rồi viết ra giấy. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Gợi &yacute; để tiết kiệm thời gian:</strong> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đảm bảo rằng những sự việc, sự kiện bạn viết đều li&ecirc;n quan&nbsp;&nbsp;đến c&acirc;u hỏi bạn đang trả lời trong đoạn văn. Nếu viết về qu&aacute; nhiều sự&nbsp;&nbsp;việc, sự kiện m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng chọn lọc kỹ sẽ l&agrave;m mất rất nhiều thời gian của&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn cũng như l&agrave;m giảm chất lượng của đoạn văn.</p> <p>4. B&ecirc;n cạnh những sự việc, sự kiện bạn thu thập được, c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y tự&nbsp;&nbsp;hỏi m&igrave;nh: M&igrave;nh c&ograve;n muốn n&oacute;i th&ecirc;m điều g&igrave; về đề t&agrave;i n&agrave;y nữa? Tại sao mọi&nbsp;&nbsp;người lại th&iacute;ch đề t&agrave;i n&agrave;y? Tại sao đề t&agrave;i n&agrave;y quan trọng?</p> <p>5. Sau đ&oacute; c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y t&igrave;m &yacute; ch&iacute;nh của đoạn văn rồi chọn phần quan&nbsp;&nbsp;trọng nhất m&agrave; bạn định tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y. Nếu bạn kh&ocirc;ng thể chọn được phần quan&nbsp;&nbsp;trọng nhất h&atilde;y chọn bất kỳ một phần để bắt đầu đoạn văn.</p> <p>6. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y tổ chức c&aacute;c sự việc v&agrave; c&aacute;c &yacute; của bạn theo hướng bổ&nbsp;&nbsp;trợ, ph&aacute;t triển &yacute; ch&iacute;nh. Khi c&aacute;c bạn đ&atilde; chọn được phần quan trọng nhất&nbsp;&nbsp;của đoạn văn bạn phải t&igrave;m ra phương thức ph&ugrave; hợp nhất để truyền đạt cho&nbsp;&nbsp;người đọc. </p> <p>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nh&igrave;n lại phần sự việc, sự kiện m&agrave; bạn đ&atilde; viết ra cũng như&nbsp;&nbsp;c&aacute;c &yacute; của bạn về đề t&agrave;i để quyết định xem phần n&agrave;o sẽ ph&ugrave; hợp nhất để&nbsp;&nbsp;bổ trợ &yacute; ch&iacute;nh cho đoạn văn. Khi bạn đ&atilde; chọn được sự việc, sự kiện v&agrave; &yacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;kiến bạn định d&ugrave;ng th&igrave; h&atilde;y tự hỏi m&igrave;nh xem n&ecirc;n đặt ch&uacute;ng ở chỗ n&agrave;o trong&nbsp;&nbsp;đoạn văn. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>KHI VIẾT ĐOẠN </strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Định nghĩa</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Đ&acirc;y l&agrave; giai đoạn c&aacute;c bạn vận dụng những &yacute; kiến của m&igrave;nh để viết c&acirc;u.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>C&aacute;c bước thực hiện</strong></p> <p>1. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y mở sổ tay hoặc file word tr&ecirc;n m&aacute;y t&iacute;nh<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Sau đ&oacute; c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y viết c&acirc;u chủ đề, những c&acirc;u bổ trợ v&agrave; c&acirc;u kết.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y ch&uacute; &yacute; viết những c&acirc;u đơn giản v&agrave; r&otilde; r&agrave;ng để b&agrave;y tỏ &yacute; kiến của m&igrave;nh.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. H&atilde;y cố gắng tập trung v&agrave;o &yacute; ch&iacute;nh của đoạn văn, tr&aacute;nh đi lệch hướng.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. C&aacute;c bạn n&ecirc;n sử dụng từ điển để t&igrave;m th&ecirc;m từ c&oacute; thể gi&uacute;p bạn bộc lộ &yacute; kiến ri&ecirc;ng.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>CHỈNH SỬA LẠI ĐOẠN VĂN</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Định nghĩa</strong><br /> <br /> Đ&acirc;y l&agrave; giai đoạn c&aacute;c bạn kiểm tra đoạn văn để t&igrave;m lỗi v&agrave; sửa lại ch&uacute;ng.<br /> <br /> <strong>C&aacute;c bước thực hiện</strong><br /> <br /> <em><strong>Về ngữ ph&aacute;p v&agrave; ch&iacute;nh tả</strong></em> </p> <p>1. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y kiểm tra lại phần ch&iacute;nh tả trong b&agrave;i của bạn.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y kiểm tra lại phần ngữ ph&aacute;p trong b&agrave;i của bạn.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Đọc lại đoạn văn của bạn một lần nữa.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y chắc rằng mỗi c&acirc;u đều c&oacute; chủ ngữ v&agrave; vị ngữ.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y kiểm tra lại xem chủ ngữ v&agrave; vị ngữ c&oacute; tương đồng với nhau hay kh&ocirc;ng.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 6. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y kiểm tra lại th&igrave; của mỗi c&acirc;u.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> 7. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đảm bảo rằng mỗi c&acirc;u đều l&agrave; c&acirc;u c&oacute; nghĩa.</p> <p><em><strong>Văn phong v&agrave; c&aacute;ch tổ chức đoạn văn </strong></em></p> <p>1. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đảm bảo rằng đoạn văn của bạn c&oacute; c&acirc;u chủ đề.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đảm bảo rằng những c&acirc;u bổ trợ đều tập trung v&agrave;o &yacute; ch&iacute;nh.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đảm bảo rằng đoạn văn của m&igrave;nh c&oacute; c&acirc;u kết tốt.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. Một lần nữa c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đảm bảo tất cả c&aacute;c c&acirc;u trong b&agrave;i đều n&oacute;i đ&uacute;ng chủ để, tập trung v&agrave;o &yacute; ch&iacute;nh.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. Cuối c&ugrave;ng c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y kiểm tra lại xem đoạn văn của bạn c&oacute; th&uacute; vị kh&ocirc;ng.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>MỘT SỐ LƯU &Yacute;</strong></p> <p>1. Sự li&ecirc;n kết một c&aacute;ch tr&ocirc;i chảy giữa c&aacute;c c&acirc;u l&agrave; một trong những yếu&nbsp;&nbsp;tố quan trọng để gi&uacute;p người đọc c&oacute; thể dễ d&agrave;ng hiểu được những &yacute; m&agrave; bạn&nbsp;&nbsp;muốn biểu đạt trong đoạn văn.</p> <p>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y xem lại đoạn văn đ&atilde; được giới thiệu ở b&agrave;i 1:</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; My hometown, Wheaton,&nbsp;&nbsp;is famous for several amazing natural features.&nbsp;<strong> First,</strong> it is noted&nbsp;&nbsp;for the Wheaton River, which is very wide and beautiful. On either side of <strong>this river</strong>,&nbsp;&nbsp;which is 175 feet wide, are many willow trees which have long branches&nbsp;&nbsp;that can move gracefully in the wind.&nbsp;&nbsp;In autumn the leaves of <strong>these</strong> trees fall and cover the riverbanks like golden snow.&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Second,</strong> on the other side of the town is Wheaton Hill, which is unusual because it is very steep.&nbsp;&nbsp;Even though it is steep, climbing <strong>this</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;hill is not dangerous, because there are some firm rocks along the&nbsp;&nbsp;sides that can be used as stairs.&nbsp;&nbsp;There are no trees around <strong>this</strong> hill, so it stands clearly against the sky and can be seen from many miles away.&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>The third amazing feature</strong> is the Big Old Tree. This tree stands two hundred feet tall and is probably about six hundred years old.&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>These three landmarks</strong> are truly amazing and make my hometown a famous place.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nh&igrave;n những từ b&ocirc;i đậm, c&aacute;c bạn c&oacute; nhận thấy ch&uacute;ng gi&uacute;p&nbsp;&nbsp;&iacute;ch nhiều cho người đọc kh&ocirc;ng? Những từ đ&oacute; được gọi l&agrave; từ nối nhằm hệ&nbsp;&nbsp;thống lại c&aacute;c phần ch&iacute;nh của đoạn văn. Sử dụng những từ nối l&agrave; phương&nbsp;&nbsp;thức quan trọng gi&uacute;p li&ecirc;n kết c&aacute;c phần ch&iacute;nh của đoạn văn.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; C&ograve;n b&acirc;y giờ c&aacute;c bạn th&igrave;n đoạn văn sau. C&aacute;c bạn c&oacute; thể dễ d&agrave;ng nhận&nbsp;&nbsp;biết những &yacute; ch&iacute;nh kh&ocirc;ng?</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each of the U.S. manned space&nbsp;&nbsp;exploration projects had specific major goals. The Mercury project was&nbsp;&nbsp;designed to test whether or not human beings could survive and function&nbsp;&nbsp;in outer space. The Mercury project tested rockets with the new Mercury&nbsp;&nbsp;space capsule, which could hold one person. The Gemini project was&nbsp;&nbsp;intended to find out whether two people could work in the weightless&nbsp;&nbsp;environment of space. Gemini astronauts took &quot;spacewalks.&quot; They floated&nbsp;&nbsp;outside their spacecraft in a spacesuit, connected to it by a tether.&nbsp;&nbsp;Gemini astronauts tried out new flying skills. Some astronauts flew two&nbsp;&nbsp;spacecraft extremely close together; this procedure was called&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;rendezvous.&quot; On some Gemini flights, astronauts physically linked two&nbsp;&nbsp;spacecraft together. Linking, or &quot;space docking,&quot; was a major goal of&nbsp;&nbsp;the Gemini program. The Apollo project, with three astronauts, was&nbsp;&nbsp;intended to test spacecraft and skills so that people could actually fly&nbsp;&nbsp;to the Moon and land on it. Performing scientific experiments on the&nbsp;&nbsp;lunar surface and collecting rocks for study on Earth were goals.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>C&oacute; phải c&aacute;c bạn thấy một ch&uacute;t lộn xộn v&agrave; nhầm lẫn khi đọc kh&ocirc;ng? C&ograve;n&nbsp;&nbsp;b&acirc;y giờ c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y quan s&aacute;t đoạn đoạn văn sau khi được chỉnh sửa một&nbsp;&nbsp;ch&uacute;t.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each of the U.S. manned space exploration projects had specific major goals. <strong>For example,</strong> the Mercury project was designed to test whether or not human beings could survive and function in outer space. <strong>In addition, </strong>the Mercury project tested rockets with the new Mercury space capsule, which could hold one person. <strong>As another example,</strong> the Gemini project was intended to find out whether two people could work in the weightless environment of space. <strong>One way of doing this</strong> was by having Gemini astronauts take &quot;spacewalks.&quot; <strong>That is,</strong> they floated outside their spacecraft in a spacesuit, connected to it by a tether. Gemini astronauts <strong>also</strong> tried out new flying skills. <strong>For example,</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;some astronauts flew two spacecraft extremely close together; this&nbsp;&nbsp;procedure was called &quot;rendezvous.&quot; On some Gemini flights, astronauts&nbsp;&nbsp;physically linked two spacecraft together. <strong>This linking,</strong> or &quot;space docking,&quot; was a major goal of the Gemini program. <strong>Finally</strong>,&nbsp;&nbsp;the Apollo project, with three astronauts, had the goal of testing&nbsp;&nbsp;spacecraft and skills so that people could actually fly to the Moon and&nbsp;&nbsp;land on it. <strong>Other goals</strong> included performing scientific experiments on the lunar surface and collecting rocks for study on Earth.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Nhờ c&oacute; những từ nối m&agrave; đoạn văn đ&atilde; dễ hiểu hơn rất nhiều.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Sau đ&acirc;y b&agrave;i giảng sẽ giới thiệu cho c&aacute;c bạn một số từ nối: </p> <table border="1" width="519">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="52" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="451" valign="top">For example,</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>For instance,</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>One example of (this) is</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>First, Second, Third, etc.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>As another example,</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Another example of [xxx] is&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(that)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Finally,</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="52">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="451">In conclusion, </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>To summarize,</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>On the one hand,</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>On the other hand,</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>However,</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>..., but...</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>also</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>2. Sự thống nhất l&agrave; một đặc t&iacute;nh quan trọng để đ&aacute;nh gi&aacute; đoạn văn đ&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; tốt hay kh&ocirc;ng. Sự thống nhất ở đ&acirc;y c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; đoạn văn đ&oacute; chỉ n&oacute;i về&nbsp;&nbsp;một đề t&agrave;i. Tất cả c&aacute;c c&acirc;u trong đoạn đều phải đề cập đến đề t&agrave;i đ&oacute;,&nbsp;&nbsp;kh&ocirc;ng được đi lệch hướng.</p> <p>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nh&igrave;n đoạn văn dưới đ&acirc;y, n&oacute; tương tự như đoạn văn ch&uacute;ng ta&nbsp;&nbsp;t&igrave;m hiểu ở tr&ecirc;n. Đoạn văn đ&oacute; c&oacute; thống nhất hay kh&ocirc;ng? C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y t&igrave;m&nbsp;&nbsp;thử c&acirc;u lạc đề ở trong đoạn nh&eacute;. <br /> </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Each of the Russian manned space&nbsp;&nbsp;exploration projects had specific major goals. For example, the Vostok&nbsp;&nbsp;project was designed to test whether or not human beings could survive&nbsp;&nbsp;and function in outer space. For another example, the Voshkhod project&nbsp;&nbsp;was intended to find out whether people could work in the weightless&nbsp;&nbsp;environment of space. One Voshkhod cosmonaut experimented with&nbsp;&nbsp;weightlessness by taking a &quot;spacewalk.&quot; That is, he floated in a&nbsp;&nbsp;spacesuit outside his Voshkhod spacecraft, connected to it by a tether.&nbsp;&nbsp;The cosmonaut to do this was Alexei Leonov. Several weeks later,&nbsp;&nbsp;Leonov's spacewalk was followed by that of U.S. astronaut Ed White.&nbsp;&nbsp;Finally, the Soyuz project, with three cosmonauts, had goals of testing&nbsp;&nbsp;spacecraft and spaceflight skills so that people could fly long missions&nbsp;&nbsp;in Earth orbit.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Nh&igrave;n chung, đoạn văn kh&aacute; thống nhất nhưng c&acirc;u, <em>Several weeks later, Leonov's spacewalk was followed by that of U.S. astronaut Ed White</em>,&nbsp;&nbsp;kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ch&uacute;t li&ecirc;n quan n&agrave;o đến đề t&agrave;i của b&agrave;i. Đ&oacute; ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; c&acirc;u lạc đề,&nbsp;&nbsp;khiến cho đoạn văn thiếu t&iacute;nh thống nhất. V&igrave; vậy trong trường hợp n&agrave;y&nbsp;&nbsp;ta n&ecirc;n bỏ c&acirc;u đ&oacute; đi. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>B&Agrave;I TẬP THỰC H&Agrave;NH</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>B&agrave;i tập 1: </strong>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nh&igrave;n đoạn văn sau:</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I live in a flat with my family.&nbsp;&nbsp;We have two bedrooms and a living room. We have a garden and we have&nbsp;&nbsp;some flowers there. In weekdays I arrive home at five o'clock and I have&nbsp;&nbsp;lunch. Then I do my homework and go to bed. I had a computer but now it&nbsp;&nbsp;doesn't work. I have a brother and a sister and I think I am very lucky&nbsp;&nbsp;to live with them. Sometimes our relatives visit us. Our flat becomes&nbsp;&nbsp;very crowded sometimes but I like it.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Trong một đoạn văn thống nhất tất cả c&aacute;c c&acirc;u đều phải đề cập đến đề&nbsp;&nbsp;t&agrave;i của đoạn văn. Đề t&agrave;i của đoạn văn n&agrave;y l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;the description of your&nbsp;&nbsp;house&quot;. Nếu kiểm tra kỹ đoạn văn tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;c bạn c&oacute; thể dễ d&agrave;ng nhận thấy&nbsp;&nbsp;một v&agrave;i c&acirc;u kh&ocirc;ng mi&ecirc;u tả ng&ocirc;i nh&agrave;. Chẳng hạn như c&acirc;u:</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="40">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="450">In weekdays I arrive home at five o'clock and I have lunch.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Then I do my homework and go to bed.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I had a computer but now it doesn't work.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>V&igrave; vậy c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y viết lại đề t&agrave;i của đoạn văn để c&oacute; thể bao qu&aacute;t hết tất cả c&aacute;c c&acirc;u m&agrave; t&aacute;c giả đ&atilde; viết.</p> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p> <strong>B&agrave;i tập 2:</strong> C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nh&igrave;n đoạn văn sau:</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I live in a house in Izmit. It&nbsp;&nbsp;isn't old or modern. It's a normal Turkish house. We can say it is near&nbsp;&nbsp;the sea. It takes about 10 minutes to go to the sea side on foot. We&nbsp;&nbsp;have one bedroom, one living room. We also have two other rooms, too. We&nbsp;&nbsp;use them as a dining room. Naturally, we have a kitchen, a bathroom,&nbsp;&nbsp;and a toilet. I live with my parents. And our house has a little garden;&nbsp;&nbsp;my parents spend their time there to grow vegetables and fruit.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Trước ti&ecirc;n c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y xem c&aacute;ch sắp xếp &yacute; của đoạn văn </p> <p>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where the house is</p> <p>2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Type of the house</p> <p>3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The location</p> <p>4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The rooms in the house</p> <p>5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The fact that he lives with his parents</p> <p>6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The garden</p> <p>Cấu tr&uacute;c của đoạn văn kh&aacute; ổn cho tới khi đề cập đến vấn đề <em> he lives with his parents</em>. &Yacute; đ&oacute; đ&atilde; cắt ngang mạch mi&ecirc;u tả ng&ocirc;i nh&agrave; v&igrave; vậy n&oacute; n&ecirc;n được đặt ở chỗ kh&aacute;c. </p> <p>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y viết lại đoạn văn tr&ecirc;n v&agrave;o &ocirc; trống dưới đ&acirc;y để sửa lại lỗi đ&oacute;.</p> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>B&agrave;i tập&nbsp;&nbsp;3: </strong>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y quan s&aacute;t v&iacute; dụ sau: <br /> </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I want to talk about friendship.&nbsp;&nbsp;Friends can change your life. So, you must know who is a real friend.&nbsp;&nbsp;Firstly, your friend must understand you and of course, you must&nbsp;&nbsp;understand her, too. I think, another important point in a friendship is&nbsp;&nbsp;confidence. You mustn't tell lies to each other. In addition, you must&nbsp;&nbsp;say everything about yourself. I think these are important for a&nbsp;&nbsp;friendship. If you have a friend like this, you don't break up with her&nbsp;&nbsp;because a real friend is not found easily.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Đoạn văn tr&ecirc;n c&oacute; một c&acirc;u rất v&ocirc; nghĩa, nếu ch&uacute;ng ta bỏ c&acirc;u đ&oacute; đi sẽ&nbsp;&nbsp;kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;m ảnh hưởng đến nội dung cũng như &yacute; nghĩa của đoạn văn. C&aacute;c bạn&nbsp;&nbsp;h&atilde;y t&igrave;m c&acirc;u đ&oacute; rồi viết v&agrave;o &ocirc; trống dưới đ&acirc;y. </p> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>B&agrave;i tập 4:</strong> C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y viết c&acirc;u đề t&agrave;i cho đoạn văn sau.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I hate lie. I always try not to&nbsp;&nbsp;tell lies and I want that from my friends, too. I think it is the most&nbsp;&nbsp;important behavior. I can believe everything my friends say. In&nbsp;&nbsp;addition, a good friend must say his ideas to me firstly. I mean, he&nbsp;&nbsp;shouldn't talk about me with other people. Especially about the bad&nbsp;&nbsp;thing, he doesn't have to talk because it might be wrong. Secondly, a&nbsp;&nbsp;good friend must help me. He must do his best. He should ask help from&nbsp;&nbsp;me too. If we solve problems together, our friendship will be better and&nbsp;&nbsp;it will become stronger. Thirdly, the talking time is important. I can&nbsp;&nbsp;talk with my friends for a long time, and during that time I must be&nbsp;&nbsp;happy. That's why we should like the same things. In conclusion, trust&nbsp;&nbsp;is the basics of a friendship.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p> <strong>B&agrave;i tập 5:</strong> C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y chọn những từ nối trong bảng sau để điền v&agrave;o chỗ trống ở đoạn văn dưới đ&acirc;y.</p> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="214">Second<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="40">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">However</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Also</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>On the other hand</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Another reason is that<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>First</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>For example</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>One reason is that </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Moreover</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The best choice</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There are three major airports&nbsp;&nbsp;near Washington, D.C., but the traveller to Washington should be careful&nbsp;&nbsp;about which one he or she chooses.(1)_________&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Baltimore-Washington&nbsp;&nbsp;International Airport, which is located near the city of Baltimore, is a&nbsp;&nbsp;good international airport. (2)_________ it is not the best choice for a&nbsp;&nbsp;traveller who wants to visit Washington.(3) _________ it is relatively&nbsp;&nbsp;far from the city of Washington itself. (4)_________ a passenger bus&nbsp;&nbsp;trip between Baltimore and Washington is somewhat expensive. Dulles&nbsp;&nbsp;International Airport is a slightly better choice, since it is located&nbsp;&nbsp;closer to the city.(5) _________ if a traveller arrives in the early&nbsp;&nbsp;evening, he or she will encounter rush-hour traffic, which is not a good&nbsp;&nbsp;way to begin a trip to the city.(6) _________ may be Washington-Reagan&nbsp;&nbsp;National Airport.&nbsp;&nbsp;There are two reasons for this.(7) _________ this&nbsp;&nbsp;airport is the closest to the city.(8) _________ it is located on the&nbsp;&nbsp;Metro train system, which is a convenient method of transportation,&nbsp;&nbsp;allowing a traveller to travel almost anywhere he or she likes in the&nbsp;&nbsp;city of Washington. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>Đ&Aacute;P &Aacute;N</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>B&agrave;i tập 1:</strong> My life at home<strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B&agrave;i tập 2: </strong></p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I live in a house in Izmit. It&nbsp;&nbsp;isn't old or modern. It's a normal Turkish house. We can say it is near&nbsp;&nbsp;the sea. It takes about 10 minutes to go to the sea side on foot. We&nbsp;&nbsp;have one bedroom, one living room. We also have two other rooms, too. We&nbsp;&nbsp;use them as a dining room. Naturally, we have a kitchen, a bathroom,&nbsp;&nbsp;and a toilet.&nbsp;&nbsp;And our house has a little garden; my parents spend their&nbsp;&nbsp;time there to grow vegetables and fruit. I also live with them there.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>B&agrave;i tập 3:</strong> I want to talk about friendship<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>B&agrave;i tập 4:</strong> A good friend is a person who doesn't tell me lies, who helps me and let me help him, and who I can talk to in trust.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>B&agrave;i tập 5: </strong></p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500"><tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="46">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="444">For example</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>However</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>One reason is that </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Also</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>However</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The best choice </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>First</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Also</td></tr></tbody></table><br/>Tags - <a href="http://hoctienganh.info/tag.php?tag=hocvietcoban" rel="tag">hocvietcoban</a>
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<link>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?523</link>
<title><![CDATA[Bài 17 - Parts of a paragraph (Kết cấu của đoạn văn)]]></title> 
<author>admin &lt;phamhongtu@gmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Học viết cơ bản]]></category>
<pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 16:55:20 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?523</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<p>Đoạn văn l&agrave; sự kết hợp của một&nbsp;&nbsp;v&agrave;i&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u c&ugrave;ng b&agrave;n luận về một đề t&agrave;i&nbsp;&nbsp;chung. Đoạn văn được chia&nbsp;&nbsp;th&agrave;nh ba phần cơ bản: c&acirc;u chủ đề, phần bổ trợ&nbsp;&nbsp;v&agrave; c&acirc;u kết. B&agrave;i giảng h&ocirc;m nay sẽ giới thiệu chi tiết cho c&aacute;c bạn về kết&nbsp;&nbsp;cấu của đoạn văn. <br /></p><p><img class="insertimage" src="attachment.php?fid=40" border="0" width="203" height="203" /> <br /> <br /> <strong>C&Acirc;U CHỦ ĐỀ</strong><br /> <br /> <strong>Kh&aacute;i niệm</strong><br /> <br /> C&acirc;u chủ đề l&agrave; c&acirc;u d&ugrave;ng để giới thiệu kh&aacute;i qu&aacute;t &yacute; của cả đoạn văn. N&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;định hướng cho người đọc về phần tiếp theo của đoạn văn v&agrave; gi&uacute;p người&nbsp;&nbsp;viết kiểm so&aacute;t được &yacute;, kh&ocirc;ng bị viết lệch hướng. C&acirc;u chủ đề thường l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u đứng đầu đoạn, đặc biệt trong c&aacute;c đoạn văn học thuật. Cũng c&oacute; những&nbsp;&nbsp;trường hợp c&acirc;u chủ đề kh&ocirc;ng đứng ở đầu c&acirc;u m&agrave; ở giữa c&acirc;u hoặc cuối c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;nhưng sẽ &iacute;t gặp hơn.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>Đ&ocirc;i khi một số đoạn văn cũng kh&ocirc;ng cần thiết phải c&oacute; c&acirc;u chủ đề như&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave; đoạn văn d&ugrave;ng để mi&ecirc;u tả, tường thuật hay đưa ra c&aacute;c bước l&agrave;m th&igrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;kh&ocirc;ng cần đến c&acirc;u chủ đề.<br /> <br /> Để c&oacute; thể&nbsp;&nbsp;viết được c&acirc;u chủ đề c&aacute;c bạn chỉ cần t&oacute;m tắt lại &yacute; ch&iacute;nh của đoạn văn,&nbsp;&nbsp;tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y ngắn gọn cho người đọc biết đoạn văn của bạn sẽ n&oacute;i về điều&nbsp;&nbsp;g&igrave;. <br /> Nếu cảm thấy kh&oacute; bạn h&atilde;y dựa v&agrave;o c&ocirc;ng thức sau để viết c&acirc;u chủ đề: <br /> </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>An interesting subject + your specific feeling about it<br /> = a good topic sentence</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="36">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="454">Một chủ đề hay + cảm x&uacute;c, th&aacute;i độ cụ thể của bạn về vấn đề đ&oacute; = một c&acirc;u chủ đề tốt </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="53"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="437">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Many outdoor enthusiasts (vấn đề hay) are looking for more adventure in their sports (cảm x&uacute;c, th&aacute;i độ cụ thể).</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><p>Mr. Brown (vấn đề hay) must have been a drill sergeant&nbsp;&nbsp;before he became our gym teacher (cảm x&uacute;c, th&aacute;i độ cụ thể).</p></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp; <p><strong>Phần hướng dẫn:</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Giả sử bạn đang muốn viết một đoạn văn về&nbsp;&nbsp;ranh giới tự nhi&ecirc;n của qu&ecirc; hương bạn. Phần đầu của đoạn sẽ sẽ giống như đoạn sau:</p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; My hometown, Wheaton,&nbsp;&nbsp;is famous for&nbsp;&nbsp;several amazing natural features.&nbsp; First, it is noted&nbsp;&nbsp;for the Wheaton&nbsp;&nbsp;River, which is very wide and beautiful. Also, on the other&nbsp;&nbsp;side of the&nbsp;&nbsp;town is Wheaton Hill, which is unusual because it is very steep.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; (<strong>Lưu &yacute;:</strong> C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y quan s&aacute;t đoạn văn tr&ecirc;n. C&acirc;u đầu&nbsp;&nbsp;ti&ecirc;n của đoạn văn được l&ugrave;i v&agrave;o trong một đoạn nhỏ khoảng 7 lần c&aacute;ch t&iacute;nh&nbsp;&nbsp;từ lề b&ecirc;n tr&aacute;i. Đ&oacute; l&agrave; nguy&ecirc;n tắc cơ bản khi viết đoạn. V&igrave; vậy khi bắt&nbsp;&nbsp;tay v&agrave;o viết đoạn c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nhớ viết c&acirc;u chủ đề l&ugrave;i v&agrave;o b&ecirc;n trong.)<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <p>Bạn h&atilde;y để &yacute; kỹ c&acirc;u chủ đề <em>&quot;</em> <em>My hometown, Wheaton,&nbsp;&nbsp;is famous for several amazing geographical features.&quot;</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;đ&acirc;y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; c&acirc;u d&ugrave;ng để kh&aacute;i qu&aacute;t &yacute; của cả đoạn. C&aacute;c bạn c&oacute; thể dễ&nbsp;&nbsp;d&agrave;ng nhận thấy c&acirc;u đầu ti&ecirc;n n&agrave;y kh&aacute;c hẳn với hai c&acirc;u c&ograve;n lại. </p> <p>C&acirc;u thứ hai v&agrave; c&acirc;u thứ ba đề cập đến những điều chi tiết, cụ thể về địa l&yacute; của qu&ecirc; hương kh&ocirc;ng kh&aacute;i qu&aacute;t vấn đề như c&acirc;u chủ đề.</p>&nbsp;&nbsp; <p>Sau đ&acirc;y b&agrave;i giảng sẽ đưa ra một v&agrave;i v&iacute; dụ về những c&acirc;u kh&ocirc;ng thể&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave;m c&acirc;u chủ đề. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y thử ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch xem tại sao những c&acirc;u đ&oacute; lại&nbsp;&nbsp;kh&ocirc;ng ph&ugrave; hợp.</p>&nbsp;&nbsp; <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="33" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="457" valign="top">My hometown is famous because it is&nbsp;&nbsp;located by Wheaton River,&nbsp;&nbsp;which is very wide, and because it is built&nbsp;&nbsp;near an unusually steep hill&nbsp;&nbsp;called Wheaton Hill.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">There are two reasons why some people like to buy&nbsp;&nbsp;cars with&nbsp;&nbsp;automatic transmission and two reasons why others like cars&nbsp;&nbsp;with manual&nbsp;&nbsp;transmission.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Clouds are white.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Vấn đề của c&acirc;u thứ nhất l&agrave; c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;qu&aacute; chi tiết. C&acirc;u đề t&agrave;i chỉ n&ecirc;n giới&nbsp;&nbsp;thiệu kh&aacute;i qu&aacute;t c&ograve;n phần diễn giải chi tiết cụ thể th&igrave; n&ecirc;n viết ở phần&nbsp;&nbsp;sau của đoạn văn. Một chủ đề tốt th&igrave; n&ecirc;n viết giống c&acirc;u đ&atilde; đề cập ở&nbsp;&nbsp;tr&ecirc;n, <em>My hometown is famous for several amazing geographical features.</em> <p>C&acirc;u thứ hai cũng kh&ocirc;ng phải l&agrave; một c&acirc;u th&iacute;ch hợp để l&agrave;m c&acirc;u chủ đề&nbsp;&nbsp;bởi n&oacute; đề cập đến hai đề t&agrave;i. Trong khi đ&oacute;, một đoạn văn thường chỉ&nbsp;&nbsp;tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y về một sự việc do sự hạn chế về số c&acirc;u trong một đoạn. Ch&iacute;nh&nbsp;&nbsp;v&igrave; vậy c&acirc;u chủ đề cũng chỉ n&ecirc;n đưa ra một đề t&agrave;i.</p> <p>Trường hợp của c&acirc;u thứ ba kh&aacute;c với hai c&acirc;u tr&ecirc;n bởi c&acirc;u n&agrave;y qu&aacute; chung&nbsp;&nbsp;chung v&agrave; tẻ nhạt. Nếu bạn l&agrave; người đọc bạn c&oacute; muốn đọc một đoạn văn c&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u chủ đề như vậy kh&ocirc;ng? Đa số mọi người đều sẽ kh&ocirc;ng đọc tiếp. Bởi với&nbsp;&nbsp;một c&acirc;u chủ đề như vậy đoạn văn đ&oacute; kh&oacute; c&oacute; thể l&agrave; một đoạn hay, đ&aacute;ng để&nbsp;&nbsp;đọc. </p> <p>Ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; thể viết lại c&acirc;u 2 v&agrave; c&acirc;u 3 như sau để gi&uacute;p ch&uacute;ng ph&ugrave; hợp hơn:</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="41">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="449">There are two reasons why some people like to buy cars with&nbsp;&nbsp;automatic transmission.&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Hoặc: (ở một đoạn văn kh&aacute;c)<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There are two reasons why some people like cars with manual&nbsp;&nbsp;transmission.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The shapes of clouds are determined by various factors.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>PHẦN TH&Acirc;N ĐOẠN</strong></p> <p>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nh&igrave;n lại đoạn văn ngắn đ&atilde; được đề cập đến ở tr&ecirc;n:</p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="42">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; My hometown, Wheaton,&nbsp;&nbsp;is famous for&nbsp;&nbsp;several amazing natural features.&nbsp; First, it is noted&nbsp;&nbsp;for the Wheaton&nbsp;&nbsp;River, which is very wide and beautiful. Also, on the other&nbsp;&nbsp;side of the&nbsp;&nbsp;town is Wheaton Hill, which is unusual because it is very steep.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;(Một lần nữa c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nhớ&nbsp;&nbsp;l&ugrave;i v&agrave;o trong một đoạn nhỏ khoảng 7 lần c&aacute;ch t&iacute;nh từ lề b&ecirc;n tr&aacute;i khi bắt tay v&agrave;o viết đoạn văn.)<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Khi người đọc đọc c&acirc;u chủ để như <em>My hometown,&nbsp;&nbsp;Wheaton, is famous for several amazing natural features, </em>c&oacute; một c&acirc;u hỏi thường xuất hiện trong đầu họ. Ở trường hợp n&agrave;y sẽ l&agrave; c&acirc;u: &quot;<u>What</u>&nbsp;&nbsp;are the natural features that make Wheaton&nbsp;&nbsp;famous?&quot;&nbsp;(&nbsp;Đặc điểm tự&nbsp;&nbsp;nhi&ecirc;n n&agrave;o đ&atilde; l&agrave;m cho Wheaton nổi tiếng?) Sau đ&oacute; người đọc sẽ mong đợi&nbsp;&nbsp;t&igrave;m thấy c&acirc;u trả lời ở phần tiếp theo của đoạn văn.</p> <p>B&acirc;y giờ c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y quan s&aacute;t những c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;đằng sau c&acirc;u chủ đề ở đoạn&nbsp;&nbsp;văn tr&ecirc;n. Ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; thể dễ d&agrave;ng nhận thấy c&acirc;u thứ hai của đoạn văn&nbsp; <em>First, it&nbsp;&nbsp;is noted for the Wheaton River, which is very wide and beautiful,</em> ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; c&acirc;u đ&atilde; trả lời cho c&acirc;u hỏi tr&ecirc;n. </p> <p>Cụ thể hơn, c&acirc;u tiếp theo c&acirc;u chủ đề đ&atilde; giải th&iacute;ch cho người đọc&nbsp;&nbsp;những đặc điểm gi&uacute;p cho&nbsp;&nbsp;Wheaton trở th&agrave;nh một thị trấn nổi tiếng. Tương&nbsp;&nbsp;tự như vậy c&acirc;u thứ ba cũng l&agrave; c&acirc;u giải th&iacute;ch cho sự nổi tiếng của&nbsp;&nbsp; Wheaton&nbsp;&nbsp;bằng c&aacute;ch đưa những v&iacute; dụ về&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;amazing natural feature,&quot; (đặc&nbsp;&nbsp;điểm tự nhi&ecirc;n đ&aacute;ng kinh ngạc) v&agrave; trong trường hợp n&agrave;y đ&oacute; ch&iacute;nh l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wheaton Hill (đồi Wheaton). </p> <p>C&acirc;u thứ hai v&agrave; c&acirc;u thứ ba sẽ được gọi l&agrave; c&acirc;u bổ trợ. Sở dĩ ch&uacute;ng được&nbsp;&nbsp;gọi l&agrave; c&acirc;u bở trợ l&agrave; v&igrave; những c&acirc;u n&agrave;y thường bổ sung &yacute; nghĩa hoặc giải&nbsp;&nbsp;th&iacute;ch đề t&agrave;i được đưa ra ở c&acirc;u chủ đề. Đoạn văn trong tiếng Anh thường&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; nhiều hơn hai c&acirc;u bổ trợ. Đoạn văn mẫu ở tr&ecirc;n thực sự l&agrave; một đoạn văn&nbsp;&nbsp;rất ngắn. <strong>Th&ocirc;ng thường một đoạn văn sẽ gồm từ năm đến bảy c&acirc;u.</strong> Dưới đ&acirc;y l&agrave; đoạn văn tr&ecirc;n sau khi đ&atilde; được bổ sung th&ecirc;m v&agrave;i c&acirc;u bổ trợ. Những c&acirc;u đ&oacute; đ&atilde; được b&ocirc;i đen để c&aacute;c bạn dễ quan s&aacute;t.</p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="52%">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="7%">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="93%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; My hometown, Wheaton, is famous&nbsp;&nbsp;for&nbsp;&nbsp;several amazing natural features.&nbsp; First, it is noted for the&nbsp;&nbsp;Wheaton&nbsp;&nbsp;River, which is very wide and beautiful. Also, on the other side&nbsp;&nbsp;of the&nbsp;&nbsp;town is Wheaton Hill, which is unusual because it is very steep. <strong>The&nbsp;&nbsp; third amazing feature is the Big Old Tree. This tree stands two&nbsp;&nbsp;hundred&nbsp;&nbsp;feet tall and is probably about six hundred years old.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tbody> </table> <br /> Trong b&agrave;i giảng n&agrave;y ch&uacute;ng ta sẽ c&ograve;n đề cập đến c&acirc;u bổ trợ ở phần &quot;N&oacute;i kĩ hơn về đoạn văn&quot;ở b&ecirc;n dưới. <br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /> <strong>C&Acirc;U KẾT</strong> <br /> <p>Trong những đoạn văn trang trọng bạn sẽ dễ d&agrave;ng t&igrave;m thấy một c&acirc;u ở&nbsp;&nbsp;cuối đoạn t&oacute;m tắt lại to&agrave;n bộ th&ocirc;ng tin đ&atilde; được đưa ra trong đoạn. Đ&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; c&acirc;u kết. N&oacute;i một c&aacute;ch kh&aacute;c, c&aacute;c bạn c&oacute; thể nghĩ đơn giản rằng&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u kết ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; c&acirc;u chủ đề đ&atilde; bị đảo ngược chiều hoặc c&acirc;u kết l&agrave; c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;chủ đề được diễn đạt bằng từ ngữ kh&aacute;c. </p> <p>C&aacute;c bạn sẽ hiểu r&otilde; hơn về c&acirc;u kết sau khi t&igrave;m hiểu phần v&iacute; dụ minh họa sau. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y tượng m&igrave;nh đang mua một chiếc b&aacute;nh&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>hamburger </em>ở của h&agrave;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;đồ ăn nhanh. B&aacute;nh <em>hamburger</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; một phần vỏ b&aacute;nh (miếng b&aacute;nh sữa nhỏ, một loại b&aacute;nh mỳ) ở ph&iacute;a tr&ecirc;n&nbsp;&nbsp;sau đ&oacute; trong phần nh&acirc;n ở giữa c&oacute; thịt, phom&aacute;t, rau diếp v&agrave; một v&agrave;i tứ&nbsp;&nbsp;kh&aacute;c cuối c&ugrave;ng ở b&ecirc;n dưới lại l&agrave; một phần vỏ b&aacute;nh. </p> <p>Bạn c&oacute; thể dễ d&agrave;ng nhận thấy hai phần vỏ b&aacute;nh rất giống nhau, n&oacute;i&nbsp;&nbsp;ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c về bản chất l&agrave; như nhau. H&igrave;nh dung một ch&uacute;t c&aacute;c bạn sẽ thấy&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u chủ đề giống như phần vỏ b&aacute;nh ở tr&ecirc;n c&ograve;n c&acirc;u kết giống như phần vỏ&nbsp;&nbsp;b&aacute;nh ở dưới. Hai miếng b&aacute;nh đ&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;kẹp thịt, h&agrave;nh, vv... ở giữa. Tương tự&nbsp;&nbsp;như vậy ở giữa c&acirc;u chủ đề v&agrave; c&acirc;u kết l&agrave; những c&acirc;u bổ trợ. Nếu tưởng&nbsp;&nbsp;tượng như vậy c&aacute;c bạn sẽ thấy cấu tr&uacute;c của đoạn văn kh&ocirc;ng kh&oacute; hiểu ch&uacute;t&nbsp;&nbsp;n&agrave;o. </p> <p>C&ograve;n b&acirc;y giờ c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y xem c&acirc;u kết sẽ nh&igrave;n như thế n&agrave;o trong đoạn&nbsp;&nbsp;văn v&iacute; dụ về Wheaton nh&eacute;. C&acirc;u kết đ&atilde; được b&ocirc;i đậm để c&aacute;c bạn dễ quan&nbsp;&nbsp;s&aacute;t. &nbsp;</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="46">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="444">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; My hometown is famous&nbsp;&nbsp;for several amazing&nbsp;&nbsp;natural features.&nbsp; First, it is noted for the&nbsp;&nbsp;Wheaton River, which is&nbsp;&nbsp;very wide and beautiful. Also, on the other side&nbsp;&nbsp;of the town is Wheaton&nbsp;&nbsp;Hill, which is unusual because it is very steep.&nbsp;&nbsp;The third amazing&nbsp;&nbsp;feature is the Big Old Tree. This tree stands two hundred&nbsp;&nbsp;feet tall and&nbsp;&nbsp;is probably about six hundred years old. <strong>These three landmarks&nbsp;&nbsp;are truly amazing and make my hometown a famous place.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> Bạn h&atilde;y quan s&aacute;t xem c&acirc;u kết, <em>These three landmarks&nbsp;&nbsp;are truly amazing and make my hometown a famous place,</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;đ&atilde; t&oacute;m tắt nội dung của đoạn văn như thế n&agrave;o nh&eacute;. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y lưu &yacute; xem&nbsp;&nbsp; c&acirc;u kết chỉ tương tự như c&acirc;u chủ đề chứ kh&ocirc;ng phải giống hệt c&acirc;u chủ&nbsp;&nbsp;đề. <p>Kh&ocirc;ng phải tất cả c&aacute;c đoạn văn học thuật đều cần c&oacute; c&acirc;u kết, đặ biệt&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave; những đoạn văn qu&aacute; ngắn. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n nếu đoạn văn kh&aacute; d&agrave;i th&igrave; n&ecirc;n c&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u kết.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>N&Oacute;I KỸ HƠN VỀ ĐOẠN VĂN</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Đoạn văn ngắn tr&ecirc;n l&agrave; một đoạn văn kh&aacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ho&agrave;n thiện tuy nhi&ecirc;n n&oacute; vẫn c&ograve;n thiếu c&acirc;u bổ trợ. Nếu như c&oacute; thể c&aacute;c&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn n&ecirc;n đưa ra chi tiết th&ocirc;ng tin cần thiết ở trong phần th&acirc;n đoạn để&nbsp;&nbsp;người đọc c&oacute; thể hiểu ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c bạn đang viết về điều g&igrave;. </p> <p>Trong đoạn văn về Wheaton,&nbsp;&nbsp;ba đặc điểm tự nhi&ecirc;n đ&atilde; được đề cập đến&nbsp;&nbsp;nhưng ch&uacute;ng ta thật sự chưa hiểu r&otilde; về ch&uacute;ng. V&iacute; dụ&nbsp;ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; thể th&ecirc;m&nbsp;&nbsp;một hoặc hai c&acirc;u viết về s&ocirc;ng Wheaton để giải th&iacute;ch r&otilde; n&oacute; rộng như thế&nbsp;&nbsp;n&agrave;o hoặc tại sao n&oacute; lại đẹp như vậy. </p> <p>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y xem đoạn văn sau. Phần bổ sung đ&atilde; được b&ocirc;i đen để c&aacute;c bạn dễ quan s&aacute;t hơn.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="49">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="441">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; My hometown is famous&nbsp;&nbsp;for several amazing&nbsp;&nbsp;natural features.&nbsp; First, it is noted for the&nbsp;&nbsp;Wheaton River, which is&nbsp;&nbsp;very wide and beautiful. <strong>On either side of this&nbsp;&nbsp;river, which is&nbsp;&nbsp;175 feet wide, are many willow trees which have long branches&nbsp;&nbsp;that can&nbsp;&nbsp;move gracefully in the wind.&nbsp; In autumn the leaves of these&nbsp;&nbsp;trees fall&nbsp;&nbsp;and cover the riverbanks like golden snow.&nbsp; </strong>Also, on&nbsp;&nbsp;the other side of the town is Wheaton Hill, which is unusual because it&nbsp;&nbsp;is very steep.&nbsp; <strong>Even&nbsp;&nbsp;though it is steep, climbing this hill is&nbsp;&nbsp;not dangerous, because there&nbsp;&nbsp;are some firm rocks along the sides that can&nbsp;&nbsp;be used as stairs.&nbsp; There&nbsp;&nbsp;are no trees around this hill, so it stands&nbsp;&nbsp;clearly against the sky&nbsp;&nbsp;and can be seen from many miles away.&nbsp;</strong> The third amazing&nbsp;&nbsp;feature is the Big Old Tree. This tree stands two hundred&nbsp;&nbsp;feet tall and&nbsp;&nbsp;is probably about six hundred years old.&nbsp; These three&nbsp;&nbsp;landmarks are&nbsp;&nbsp;truly amazing and make my hometown a famous place.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>&nbsp;Nếu muốn ch&uacute;ng ta cũng c&oacute; thể th&ecirc;m một số c&acirc;u v&agrave;o đoạn văn để mi&ecirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;tả đặc điểm tự nhi&ecirc;n thứ ba của v&ugrave;ng, đ&oacute; l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;Big Old Tree (c&acirc;y cổ thụ&nbsp;&nbsp;lớn). </p> <p><strong>Tại sao phần bổ trợ n&agrave;y lại quan trọng?</strong>&nbsp;C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nhớ lại v&iacute; dụ về chiếc b&aacute;nh <em> hamburger</em>,&nbsp;&nbsp;đ&atilde; được đề cập đến ở b&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n. Nếu như phần vỏ b&aacute;nh hamburger l&agrave; c&acirc;u đề&nbsp;&nbsp;t&agrave;i v&agrave; c&acirc;u kết v&agrave; thịt, pho m&aacute;t v&agrave; rau diếp c&ugrave;ng nhiều thứ kh&aacute;c l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;những c&acirc;u bổ trợ th&igrave; c&aacute;c bạn sẽ dễ d&agrave;ng nhận thấy phần c&acirc;u bổ trợ rất&nbsp;&nbsp;phong ph&uacute;. </p> <p>Nếu kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; phần nh&acirc;n&nbsp;ở b&ecirc;n trong vỏ b&aacute;nh, chiếc b&aacute;nh hamburger của&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn sẽ kh&ocirc;ng ngon. Tương tự như vậy nếu thiếu c&acirc;u bổ trợ đoạn văn của&nbsp;&nbsp;c&aacute;c bạn kh&ocirc;ng hay. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy phần c&acirc;u bổ trợ n&agrave;y rất quan trọng trong&nbsp;&nbsp;đoạn văn. &nbsp;</p> <p><strong>B&Agrave;I TẬP THỰC H&Agrave;NH <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> </strong> <strong>PHẦN MỘT<br /> </strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>B&agrave;i tập 1:</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đọc những đoạn văn sau. H&atilde;y&nbsp;&nbsp;x&aacute;c định đề t&agrave;i, c&acirc;u chủ đề của b&agrave;i v&agrave; xem những c&acirc;u kh&aacute;c của b&agrave;i c&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;li&ecirc;n quan đến đề t&agrave;i kh&ocirc;ng.&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Đoạn văn A</strong></p> <p>(1) Of the many types of energy, one major category is kinetic energy&nbsp;&nbsp;or the energy of motion. (2) An example of energy in motion is when a&nbsp;&nbsp;bat hits a baseball. (3) The bat exerts a kinetic force that causes the&nbsp;&nbsp;ball to fly in the air. (4) Mechanical energy is a type of kinetic&nbsp;&nbsp;energy applied to objects. (5) Thermal energy is the energy of molecules&nbsp;&nbsp;in motion. (6) More and more students are doing research on energy&nbsp;&nbsp;these days.</p> <p>Đề t&agrave;i _____</p> <p>C&acirc;u n&agrave;o l&agrave; c&acirc;u chủ đề? _____</p> <p>C&oacute; phải tất cả c&aacute;c c&acirc;u đều li&ecirc;n quan đến đề t&agrave;i hay kh&ocirc;ng? C&oacute; _____ Kh&ocirc;ng _____ Nếu kh&ocirc;ng, l&agrave; c&acirc;u n&agrave;o? ____</p> <p><strong>Đoạn văn B</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> (1) Medical scientists are finding a significant difference in how men&nbsp;&nbsp;and women develop heart problems. (2) Statistics show that women on&nbsp;&nbsp;average develop heart disease later in life than men. (3) One theory is&nbsp;&nbsp;that younger women who give birth to children develop wider coronary&nbsp;&nbsp;arteries, and this helps women to avoid heart attacks as they get older.&nbsp;&nbsp;(4) Most men do not believe this, however.</p> <p>Đề t&agrave;i _____</p> <p>C&acirc;u n&agrave;o l&agrave; c&acirc;u chủ đề? _____</p> <p>C&oacute; phải tất cả c&aacute;c c&acirc;u đều li&ecirc;n quan đến đề t&agrave;i hay kh&ocirc;ng? C&oacute; _____ Kh&ocirc;ng _____ Nếu kh&ocirc;ng, l&agrave; c&acirc;u n&agrave;o? ____<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>B&agrave;i tập&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2</strong>: Hai đoạn văn dưới đ&acirc;y đều l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;đoạn chưa ho&agrave;n chỉnh, thiếu&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u chủ đề. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đọc v&agrave; c&acirc;n nhắc xem trong những c&acirc;u ở b&ecirc;n dưới&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u n&agrave;o ph&ugrave; hợp nhất để l&agrave;m c&acirc;u chủ đề.</p> <p><strong>Đoạn văn A</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Solar-powered cars are very expensive because of the high development&nbsp;&nbsp;cost of solar batteries. In addition, the cells of the solar batteries&nbsp;&nbsp;can store only limited amounts of energy. So solar cars are not&nbsp;&nbsp;practical for driving on long trips. The biggest problem is the constant&nbsp;&nbsp;need to recharge the cells. This is especially difficult when one&nbsp;&nbsp;drives on cloudy days and at nighttime.</p> <p>Chọn một trong số những c&acirc;u sau để l&agrave;m c&acirc;u chủ đề: </p> <p>__(1) Solar-powered cars are expensive.</p> <p>__(2) There are many advantages and disadvantages to solar energy.</p> <p>__(3) The future practicality of solar cars depends on overcoming problems with solar batteries.</p> <p>__(4) Solar batteries are the key to understanding how solar energy can be used to drive cars.</p> <p><strong>Đoạn văn B</strong></p> <p>Mercury is the hottest planet in the solar system because it is&nbsp;&nbsp;nearest the sun. Mercury's surface is totally dry and it is so hot that&nbsp;&nbsp;there is no atmosphere. Venus is the second closest planet to the sun.&nbsp;&nbsp;The hot atmosphere of Venus is similar to that of Earth, but because&nbsp;&nbsp;Venus is so near the sun there are no bodies of water on its surface.&nbsp;&nbsp;Earth, the third closest planet to the sun, has a cooler atmosphere that&nbsp;&nbsp;sustains animals, plants and several bodies of water on its surface.</p> <p>Chọn một trong số những c&acirc;u sau để l&agrave;m c&acirc;u chủ đề: </p> <p>__ (1) The three planets closest to the sun are Mercury, Venus and Earth.</p> <p>__ (2) Surface and atmospheric conditions vary widely among the three planets nearest the sun.</p> <p>__ (3) The closer a planet is to the sun, the hotter it is.</p> <p>__ (4) The surface and atmosphere of Earth are different from those of Mars and Venus.</p> <p><strong>B&agrave;i tập 3</strong>:&nbsp;&nbsp; C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đọc những đoạn văn dưới đ&acirc;y rồi viết c&acirc;u chủ đề cho đoạn. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đảm bảo rằng c&acirc;u chủ đề của bạn:<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 1) Bao qu&aacute;t được tất cả c&aacute;c &yacute; của đoạn văn<br /> 2) Chỉ li&ecirc;n quan đến đề t&agrave;i của đoạn văn, kh&ocirc;ng n&oacute;i đến những phần b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i.</p> <p>A.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Bạn h&atilde;y viết một c&acirc;u đề t&agrave;i để giới thiệu về chim về l&ocirc;ng vũ.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; (Gợi &yacute;: C&acirc;u chủ đề cũng c&oacute; thể l&agrave; một c&acirc;u hỏi.)</p> <p>Feathers provide good insulation for birds. They can be hard or soft&nbsp;&nbsp;depending on weather conditions and water temperature. For example, some&nbsp;&nbsp;ducks have a thick layer of soft feathers called &quot;down&quot; that protects&nbsp;&nbsp;these birds from extremely cold air and icy water.</p> <p>B.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Bạn h&atilde;y viết một c&acirc;u đề t&agrave;i về rừng nhiệt đới.</p> <p>Tropical rain forests are found in 70 different countries worldwide,&nbsp;&nbsp;including Brazil in South America, Indonesia in the South Pacific and&nbsp;&nbsp;Zaire in Africa. Plants that grow in these forests provide us with&nbsp;&nbsp;chocolate, fruit, coffee, rubber and wood. Recently, medical products&nbsp;&nbsp;have been developed from rain forest plants; these include medicines for&nbsp;&nbsp;high blood pressure and cancer.</p> <p><strong>PHẦN HAI</strong> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y viết c&acirc;u chủ đề cho những đề t&agrave;i dưới đ&acirc;y. (mỗi đề t&agrave;i một c&acirc;u) </p> <ul><li> Your hometown (qu&ecirc; hương của bạn) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; </li><li> A place you would like to travel to (nơi bạn muốn đến) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; </li><li> Another topic of your own choosing (Một đề t&agrave;i do bạn tự chọn) </li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;Sau đ&oacute; c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y chọn một trong những đề t&agrave;i tr&ecirc;n đ&acirc;y để viết th&agrave;nh&nbsp;&nbsp;một đoạn văn ho&agrave;n chỉnh. Đoạn văn của bạn n&ecirc;n c&oacute; c&acirc;u chủ đề v&agrave; v&agrave;i c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;bổ trợ. Ngo&agrave;i ra đoạn sẽ hay hơn nếu c&oacute; th&ecirc;m cả c&acirc;u kết, tuy nhi&ecirc;n nếu&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn kh&ocirc;ng muốn th&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng bắt buộc phải viết c&acirc;u kết. <br /> <br /> <strong>Đ&Aacute;P &Aacute;N</strong><br /> <br /> <strong>PHẦN MỘT</strong><br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập 1 <br /> Đoạn văn A</strong><br /> <p>Đề t&agrave;i _____energy</p> <p>C&acirc;u n&agrave;o l&agrave; c&acirc;u chủ đề? _____c&acirc;u 1 </p> <p>C&oacute; phải tất cả c&aacute;c c&acirc;u đều li&ecirc;n quan đến đề t&agrave;i hay kh&ocirc;ng?&nbsp;&nbsp;Kh&ocirc;ng. C&acirc;u n&agrave;o? ____C&acirc;u 6 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Đoạn văn B</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Đề t&agrave;i _____the significant difference in the way men and women develop heart disease</p> <p>C&acirc;u n&agrave;o l&agrave; c&acirc;u chủ đề? _____c&acirc;u 1 </p> <p>C&oacute; phải tất cả c&aacute;c c&acirc;u đều li&ecirc;n quan đến đề t&agrave;i hay kh&ocirc;ng?&nbsp;&nbsp;Kh&ocirc;ng. C&acirc;u n&agrave;o? ____C&acirc;u 4 </p> <p><strong>B&agrave;i tập&nbsp;&nbsp;2</strong><br /> <br /> <strong>Đoạn văn A:</strong> c&acirc;u 3 <br /> <strong>Đoạn văn B:</strong> c&acirc;u 2<br /> <br /> Những phần c&ograve;n lại c&oacute; nhiều c&aacute;ch l&agrave;m, t&ugrave;y theo &yacute; kiến c&aacute; nh&acirc;n của mỗi&nbsp;&nbsp;người, chỉ cần tu&acirc;n thủ nghi&ecirc;m ngặt những qui tắc n&ecirc;u tr&ecirc;n l&agrave; c&oacute; thể&nbsp;&nbsp;viết được. </p><br/>Tags - <a href="http://hoctienganh.info/tag.php?tag=hocvietcoban" rel="tag">hocvietcoban</a>
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<link>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?522</link>
<title><![CDATA[Bài 16 - Writing concise sentences (Cách viết câu ngắn gọn súc tích)]]></title> 
<author>admin &lt;phamhongtu@gmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Học viết cơ bản]]></category>
<pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 16:51:22 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?522</guid> 
<description>
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	<p>Bất kể&nbsp;&nbsp;lời ch&acirc;m biếm chỉ c&oacute; 2 từ hay&nbsp;&nbsp;một c&acirc;u c&oacute; 200 từ đều cần phải&nbsp;&nbsp;ngắn gọn, s&uacute;c t&iacute;ch. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy b&agrave;i giảng ng&agrave;y h&ocirc;m nay sẽ giới thiệu&nbsp;&nbsp;cho c&aacute;c bạn một số phương ph&aacute;p để c&oacute; thể viết c&acirc;u đạt ti&ecirc;u chuẩn như&nbsp;&nbsp;vậy.</p><p><img class="insertimage" src="attachment.php?fid=39" border="0" width="224" height="151" /><br /></p><p><br /> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>1. PRUNING THE REDUNDANT: GIẢM BỚT PHẦN THỪA</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> C&aacute;c bạn n&ecirc;n tr&aacute;nh lặp lại &yacute;, điều đ&oacute; sẽ l&agrave;m cho c&acirc;u trở n&ecirc;n rườm r&agrave;. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="47"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="443">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Many uneducated citizens who have never attended school&nbsp;&nbsp; continue to vote for better schools.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> Ở c&acirc;u tr&ecirc;n <em>uneducated citizens</em> c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng nghĩa với cụm <em>who have never attended school</em> v&igrave; vậy đ&oacute; l&agrave; một c&acirc;u thừa. C&acirc;u đ&uacute;ng v&agrave; s&uacute;c t&iacute;ch chỉ cần như sau:<br /> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="47">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="443">Many uneducated citizens&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;continue to vote for better schools.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> Một hiện tượng cũng thường gặp khi viết c&acirc;u được gọi l&agrave; <strong>pleonasm</strong> (hiện tượng thừa từ). V&iacute; dụ: <em>&quot;true fact,&quot; &quot;twelve noon,&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp; &quot;I saw it with my own eyes&quot; </em>. Những cụm từ tr&ecirc;n đều l&agrave; cụm từ lặp, <em>true</em> c&ugrave;ng nghĩa với<em> fact, twelve</em> cũng c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>noon</em> v&agrave; <em>saw</em> v&agrave; <em>with own eyes</em> đều c&oacute; &yacute; như nhau . Sử dụng những cụm từ lặp l&agrave; th&oacute;i quen xấu khi viết v&igrave; vậy h&atilde;y lưu &yacute; đến&nbsp;&nbsp;bảng sau đ&acirc;y. Ch&uacute;ng sẽ gi&uacute;p c&aacute;c bạn kiểm so&aacute;t được c&acirc;u viết của m&igrave;nh.&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="3" cellpadding="3" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232"><strong>Cụm từ lặp, thừa </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240"><strong>Từ, cụm từ đ&uacute;ng </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">12 midnight</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">midnight</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">12 noon</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">noon</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">3 am in the morning</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">3 am</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">absolutely spectacular/phenomenal</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240" valign="top">spectacular/phenomenal</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">a person who is honest</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">an honest person</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">a total of 14 birds</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">14 birds</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">biography of her life</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">biography</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">circle around</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">circle</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">close proximity</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">proximity</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">completely unanimous</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">unanimous</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">consensus of opinion</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">consensus</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">cooperate together</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">cooperate</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">each and every</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">each</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">enclosed herewith</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">enclosed</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">end result</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">result</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">exactly the same</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">the same</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">final completion</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">completion</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232" valign="top">frank and honest exchange</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">frank exchange or honest exchange</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">free gift</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">gift</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">he/she is a person who . . .</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240" valign="top">he/she</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">important/basic essentials</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240" valign="top">essentials</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">in spite of the fact that</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240" valign="top">although</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">in the field of economics/law enforcement</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240" valign="top">in economics/law enforcement</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">in the event that</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">if</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">job functions</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">job or functions</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">new innovations</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">innovations</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">one and the same</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">the same</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">particular interest</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">interest</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">period of four days</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">four days</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">personally, I think/feel</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240" valign="top">I think/feel</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">personal opinion</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">opinion</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">puzzling in nature</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">puzzling</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">refer back</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">refer</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">repeat again</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">repeat</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">return again</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">return</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">revert back</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">revert</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">shorter/longer in length</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">shorter/longer</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">small/large in size</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">small/large</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">square/round/rectangular in shape</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240" valign="top">square/round/rectangular</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">summarize briefly</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">summarize</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">surrounded on all sides</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240" valign="top">surrounded</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">surrounding circumstances</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">circumstances</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">the future to come</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">the future</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">there is no doubt but that</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240" valign="top">no doubt</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">usual/habitual custom</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">custom</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232">we are in receipt of</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="240">we have receive</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Sử dụng lặp những từ r&uacute;t gọn </strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Trong x&atilde; hội hiện đại, ch&uacute;ng ta ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng sử dụng nhiều những từ viết&nbsp;&nbsp;tắt v&agrave; những từ chữ đầu (V&iacute; dụ: NATO, radar...) Tuy nhi&ecirc;n mọi người&nbsp;&nbsp;thường d&ugrave;ng lặp những từ r&uacute;t gọn m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng kiểm so&aacute;t được. </p> <p>V&iacute; dụ họ thường n&oacute;i &quot;ATM machine&quot; (m&aacute;y ATM) nhưng ATM&nbsp;&nbsp; l&agrave; từ viết tắt của&nbsp;&nbsp;Automated Teller Machine. </p> <p>Ngo&agrave;i ra một số từ cũng thường được d&ugrave;ng sai như &quot;HIV virus&quot; (virut&nbsp;&nbsp;HIV) trong khi HIV lại c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; Human Immunodeficiency Virus, hay&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;AIDS syndrome&quot; (hội chứng AIDS) nhưng AIDS&nbsp;&nbsp; lại l&agrave; từ viết tắt của&nbsp;&nbsp;Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome, hoặc &quot;CPU unit&quot; (đơn vị CPU) tuy&nbsp;&nbsp;nhi&ecirc;n CPU l&agrave; phần viết tắt của Central&nbsp;&nbsp; Processing Unit. </p> <p>Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy sẽ thật ngớ ngẩn nếu ch&uacute;ng ta d&ugrave;ng cụm từ&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;CPU units&quot; bởi như vậy sẽ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; Central Processing <u>Unit units</u>. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy trước khi d&ugrave;ng từ r&uacute;t gọn c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nhớ lại xem đ&oacute; l&agrave; từ viết tắt của cụm từ n&agrave;o để tr&aacute;ch sử dụng sai.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>2. CHUYỂN MỆNH ĐỀ TH&Agrave;NH CỤM TỪ, CỤM TỪ TH&Agrave;NH TỪ</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Để c&oacute; thể viết được một c&acirc;u s&uacute;c t&iacute;ch việc chuyển mệnh đề th&agrave;nh cụm từ,&nbsp;&nbsp;cụm từ th&agrave;nh từ m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;m ảnh hưởng đến &yacute; nghĩa của c&acirc;u l&agrave; điều hết&nbsp;&nbsp;sức quan trọng. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy khi viết c&acirc;u c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y lưu &yacute; đến những&nbsp;&nbsp;mệnh đề hoặc cụm từ c&oacute; thể lược bớt cho ngắn gọn v&agrave; đơn giản hơn.&nbsp;&nbsp;Mệnh&nbsp;&nbsp;đề&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;which&quot; thường c&oacute; thể r&uacute;t gọn th&agrave;nh một t&iacute;nh từ. </p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<p>Tuy nhi&ecirc;n c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y xem x&eacute;t cẩn thận trước khi cắt bớt để tr&aacute;nh&nbsp;&nbsp;lược bỏ phần nhấn mạnh cần thiết của c&acirc;u. Trong một số trường hợp đại từ&nbsp;&nbsp;quan hệ &quot;which&quot; kh&ocirc;ng được ph&eacute;p lược bỏ nếu kh&ocirc;ng sẽ ảnh hưởng đến ngữ&nbsp;&nbsp;ph&aacute;p v&agrave; ngữ nghĩa của c&acirc;u.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;Sau đ&acirc;y l&agrave; một số v&iacute; dụ để gi&uacute;p c&aacute;c bạn dễ h&igrave;nh dung. Trước ti&ecirc;n c&aacute;c bạn&nbsp;&nbsp;sẽ được giới thiệu những c&acirc;u d&agrave;i, rườm r&agrave; sau đ&oacute; ở dưới mỗi c&acirc;u l&agrave; c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;đ&atilde; chuyển đổi mệnh đề th&agrave;nh cụm từ để c&acirc;u ngắn gọn hơn.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="52"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="438">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Smith College, which was founded in 1871, is the premier all-women's college&nbsp;&nbsp; in the United States. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Founded in 1871, Smith College is the premier all-women's college in the&nbsp;&nbsp; United States. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Citizens who knew what was going on voted him out of office. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Knowledgeable citizens voted him out of office. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Recommending that a student copy from another student's paper is not&nbsp;&nbsp; something he would recommend.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>He wouldn't recommend that a student copy from another student's&nbsp;&nbsp; paper.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> Hoặc: He would never tell a student to copy&nbsp;&nbsp;from another student's&nbsp;&nbsp; paper.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Ngoải ra mệnh đề đ&ocirc;i khi cũng c&oacute; thể cắt bớt để trở th&agrave;nh từ đơn.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="52"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="438">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Unencumbered&nbsp;&nbsp;by a sense of responsibility, Jasion left his wife with&nbsp;&nbsp; forty-nine kids and a can of beans. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Jasion irresponsibly left his wife with forty-nine kids and a can of&nbsp;&nbsp; beans.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <strong>Lược bỏ những từ tăng cường kh&ocirc;ng cần thiết <br /> </strong>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y tr&aacute;nh sử dụng những từ như l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>really, very, quite, extremely, severely</em> khi ch&uacute;ng kh&ocirc;ng thực sự cần thiết. V&iacute; dụ, khi bạn y&ecirc;u cầu được tăng lương bạn chỉ cần n&oacute;i l&agrave; mức lương của bạn <em>inadequate</em> (kh&ocirc;ng thỏa đ&aacute;ng), kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n d&ugrave;ng cụm từ <em>severely</em> <em>inadequate</em>&nbsp;&nbsp; (cực kỳ kh&ocirc;ng thỏa đ&aacute;ng). Điều đ&oacute; kh&ocirc;ng gi&uacute;p l&agrave;m r&otilde; th&ecirc;m nghĩa cho c&acirc;u m&agrave; chỉ thể hiện sự k&iacute;ch động của bạn.<br />Tuy nhi&ecirc;n những từ nay kh&ocirc;ng hẳn l&agrave; phải biến mất ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n trong vốn&nbsp;&nbsp;từ của bạn m&agrave; bạn h&atilde;y d&ugrave;ng ch&uacute;ng đ&uacute;ng l&uacute;c đ&uacute;ng c&aacute;ch th&igrave; sẽ gi&uacute;p l&agrave;m&nbsp;&nbsp;tăng t&iacute;nh hiệu quả của n&oacute;.<br /><p> <strong>3. TR&Aacute;NH ĐẶT TH&Ecirc;M&nbsp;&nbsp;CẤU TR&Uacute;C PHỤ</strong> </p> <p>Điều n&agrave;y nghe c&oacute; vẻ giống như một ch&iacute;nh trị gia được dạy c&aacute;ch phải&nbsp;&nbsp;tr&aacute;nh l&agrave;m điều cấm kỵ để kh&ocirc;ng ảnh hưởng đến sự nghiệp. Nhưng quả thật&nbsp;&nbsp;cấu tr&uacute;c phụ trong c&acirc;u thường&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave;m cho người viết v&agrave; người đọc thấy mệt&nbsp;&nbsp;mỏi trước khi bắt đầu v&agrave;o c&acirc;u ch&iacute;nh. </p> <p>V&igrave; vậy c&aacute;c bạn n&ecirc;n tr&aacute;nh đặt th&ecirc;m cấu tr&uacute;c phụ. Th&ocirc;ng thường ch&uacute;ng được bắt đầu bằng những từ như <em>there is/are</em> hoặc <em>it is</em>.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="52"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="438">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>There are twenty-five students who have already expressed a&nbsp;&nbsp;desire to attend&nbsp;&nbsp; the program next summer. It is they and their parents&nbsp;&nbsp;who stand to gain the most&nbsp;&nbsp; by the government grant.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Twenty-five students have already expressed a desire to attend&nbsp;&nbsp;the program&nbsp;&nbsp; next summer. They and their parents stand to gain the most&nbsp;&nbsp;by the government&nbsp;&nbsp; grant.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <p><strong>4. LƯỢC BỎ&nbsp;&nbsp;NHỮNG CỤM TỪ KH&Ocirc;NG CẦN THIẾT</strong></p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<p>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y lưu &yacute; đến những cụm từ kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;m tăng th&ecirc;m ngữ nghĩa của&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u. Đ&oacute; ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; phần khiến người đọc đề ph&ograve;ng người viết cho rằng họ&nbsp;&nbsp;đang n&oacute;i ph&eacute;t hoặc tệ hơn c&oacute; thể khiến người đọc thấy buồn ngủ.<br /> Sau đ&acirc;y b&agrave;i giảng sẽ đưa ra một số v&iacute; dụ để gi&uacute;p c&aacute;c bạn hiểu r&otilde; hơn.&nbsp;&nbsp;C&acirc;u ở tr&ecirc;n l&agrave; những c&acirc;u c&oacute; chứa cụm từ kh&ocirc;ng cần thiết c&ograve;n c&acirc;u liền dưới&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave; c&acirc;u đ&atilde; được lược bỏ phần thừa đ&oacute;. </p> <table border="2" cellpadding="3" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">all things considered</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">All things considered, Connecticut's woodlands are in better shape&nbsp;&nbsp; now than ever before.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Connecticut's woodlands are in better shape now than ever&nbsp;&nbsp; before.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">as a matter of fact</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">As a matter of fact, there are more woodlands in Connecticut now&nbsp;&nbsp; than there were in 1898.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There&nbsp;&nbsp; are more woodlands in Connecticut now than there were in 1898.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">as far as I'm concerned</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">As far as I'm concerned, there is no need for further protection&nbsp;&nbsp; of woodlands.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Further protection of woodlands is not needed.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">at the present time</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">This is because there are fewer farmers at the present&nbsp;&nbsp; time.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This is because there are fewer farmers&nbsp;&nbsp; now.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">because of the fact that</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">Woodlands have grown in area because of the fact that farmers have&nbsp;&nbsp; abandoned their fields.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Woodlands have grown in area because&nbsp;&nbsp; farmers have abandoned their fields.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">by means of</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">Major forest areas are coming back by means of natural&nbsp;&nbsp; processes.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Major forest areas are coming back through&nbsp;&nbsp; natural processes. (hoặc naturally)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">by virtue of the fact that</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">Our woodlands are coming back by virtue of the fact that our&nbsp;&nbsp; economy has shifted its emphasis.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Our woodlands are coming&nbsp;&nbsp; back because our economy has shifted&nbsp;&nbsp; its emphasis.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">due to the fact that</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">Due to the fact that their habitats are being restored, forest&nbsp;&nbsp; creatures are also re-establishing their population bases.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Because their habitats are&nbsp;&nbsp; being restored, forest creatures are also re-establishing their population&nbsp;&nbsp; bases.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">exists</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">The fear that exists among many people that we are losing our&nbsp;&nbsp; woodlands is uncalled for.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The fear among&nbsp;&nbsp; many people that we are losing our woodlands is uncalled for.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">for all intents and purposes</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">The era in which we must aggressively defend our woodlands has,&nbsp;&nbsp; for all intents and purposes, passed.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The era in which we&nbsp;&nbsp; must aggressively defend our woodlands has passed.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">for the most part</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">For the most part, people's suspicions are based on a&nbsp;&nbsp; misunderstanding of the facts.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; People's suspicions are based on a misunderstanding of the&nbsp;&nbsp; facts.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">for the purpose of</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">Many woodlands, in fact, have been purchased for the purpose of&nbsp;&nbsp; creating public parks. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Many woodlands, in fact, have been&nbsp;&nbsp; purchased&nbsp;&nbsp;as public parks. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">have a tendency to</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">This policy has a tendency to isolate some communities.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This policy tends to isolate some&nbsp;&nbsp; communities.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">in a manner of speaking</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">The policy has, in a manner of speaking, begun to Balkanize the&nbsp;&nbsp; more rural parts of our state.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The policy has begun to Balkanize the more rural parts of our&nbsp;&nbsp; state.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">in a very real sense</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">In a very real sense, this policy works to the detriment of those&nbsp;&nbsp; it is supposed to help.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This policy works to the detriment of those it is supposed to&nbsp;&nbsp; help.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">in my opinion</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">In my opinion, this wasteful policy ought to be revoked.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This wasteful policy ought to be&nbsp;&nbsp; revoked.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">in the case of </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">In the case of this particular policy, citizens of northeast&nbsp;&nbsp; Connecticut became very upset.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Citizens of northeast&nbsp;&nbsp; Connecticut became very upset about his policy.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">in the final analysis</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">In the final analysis, the state would have been better off&nbsp;&nbsp; without such a policy.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The state would have been better off without such a&nbsp;&nbsp; policy.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">in the event that</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">In the event that enough people protest, it will probably be&nbsp;&nbsp; revoked.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If enough people protest, it will probably be&nbsp;&nbsp; revoked.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">in the nature of</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">Something in the nature of a repeal may soon take place.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Something like a repeal may soon take&nbsp;&nbsp; place.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">in the process of</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">Legislators are already in the process of reviewing the&nbsp;&nbsp; statutes.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Legislators are already reviewing the statutes.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">it seems that</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">It seems that they can't wait to get rid of this one.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; They can't wait to get rid of&nbsp;&nbsp; this one.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">manner</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">They have monitored the activities of conservationists in a&nbsp;&nbsp; cautious manner.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; They have cautiously monitored the&nbsp;&nbsp; activities of conservationists.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">the point I am trying to make</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">The point I am trying to make is that sometimes public policy&nbsp;&nbsp; doesn't accomplish what it set out to achieve.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sometimes public policy doesn't&nbsp;&nbsp; accomplish what it set out to achieve.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">type of</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">Legislators need to be more careful of the type of policy they&nbsp;&nbsp; propose.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Legislators need to be more careful of the&nbsp;&nbsp; policy they propose.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="175" valign="top">what I mean to say is</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="325">What I mean to say is that well intentioned lawmakers sometimes&nbsp;&nbsp; make fools of themselves.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Well intentioned lawmakers sometimes make fools of&nbsp;&nbsp; themselves.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tbody> </table> <br /> <strong>5. GIẢM D&Ugrave;NG NHỮNG LỜI N&Oacute;I S&Aacute;O V&Agrave; TỪ CH&Ecirc;M </strong> <p>Bạn h&atilde;y tưởng tượng nếu bạn l&agrave; người đầu ti&ecirc;n n&oacute;i những c&acirc;u rất th&ocirc;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;minh như &quot;She fell head over heels in love&quot; hoặc &quot;She's cool as a&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cucumber.&quot; th&igrave; thật sự sẽ rất tuyệt. Nhưng thật đ&aacute;ng buồn những c&acirc;u n&oacute;i&nbsp;&nbsp;ấy sẽ dần dần&nbsp;&nbsp;mất đi vẻ h&agrave;o nho&aacute;ng ban đầu m&agrave; trở n&ecirc;n cũ r&iacute;ch v&agrave; thậm&nbsp;&nbsp;ch&iacute; khiến người kh&aacute;c bực m&igrave;nh. </p> <p>Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y hạn chế sử dụng những lời n&oacute;i s&aacute;o v&agrave; từ&nbsp;&nbsp;ch&ecirc;m. Bởi người đọc sẽ cảm thấy thực sự bực bội nếu người viết sử dụng&nbsp;&nbsp;văn phong tẻ nhạt c&ugrave;ng với&nbsp;&nbsp;mớ hổ lốn những lời n&oacute;i s&aacute;o v&agrave; từ ch&ecirc;m đ&oacute;.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; V&iacute; dụ, ng&agrave;i thị trưởng của&nbsp;&nbsp;Austin, Texas, đ&atilde; từng th&ocirc;ng b&aacute;o trước sự&nbsp;&nbsp;bối rối của mọi người như sau: &quot;I wanted&nbsp;&nbsp; all my ducks in a row, so if&nbsp;&nbsp;we did get into a posture, we could pretty much&nbsp;&nbsp; slam-dunk this thing&nbsp;&nbsp;and put it to bed.&quot; </p> <p>Những lời n&oacute;i đ&oacute; thực sự đ&atilde; l&agrave;m cho người d&acirc;n cảm thấy kh&ocirc;ng thoải&nbsp;&nbsp;m&aacute;i. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy khi viết c&acirc;u c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y lưu &yacute; đến điều n&agrave;y. <br /> Sau đ&acirc;y danh s&aacute;ch những từ&nbsp;&nbsp;g&acirc;y bực bội cho người đọc sẽ được giới thiệu để c&aacute;c bạn tr&aacute;nh d&ugrave;ng.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="232" align="left" valign="top">acid test&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="31" align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;meaningful dialogue</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">at loose ends</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">moving experience</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"> babe in the woods</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">needle in a haystack</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">better late than never</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">open-and-shut case&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"> brought back to reality<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">pain in the _____</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">black as pitch</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">point with pride</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">blind as a bat</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">pretty as a picture</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"> bolt from the blue</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">put it in a nutshell</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">busy as a bee/beaver</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quick as a flash/wink</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">cat's meow&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"> rat race</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">cool as a cucumber</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ripe old age</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">cool, calm, and collected</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">ruled the roost</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">crack of dawn</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sad but true</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">crushing blow</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sadder but wiser</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">cry over spilt milk</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">set the world on fire</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">dead as a doornail</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">sick as a dog</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">dog-eat-dog world</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">sigh of relief</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">don't count your chickens</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">slow as molasses</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">dyed in the wool</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">smart as a whip</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">easier said than done</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">sneaking suspicion</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">easy as pie</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">spread like wildfire</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">feathered friends</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">straight as an arrow</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">face the music</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">straw that broke</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">flash in the pan</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">the camel's back&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">flat as a pancake</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">strong as an ox</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">gentle as a lamb</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">take the bull by the horns</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">go at it tooth and nail&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">thin as a rail</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">good time was had by all&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">through thick and thin</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"> greased lightning</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">tired but happy</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">happy as a lark&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">to coin a phrase</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">head over heels</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">to make a long story short</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">heavy as lead</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">trial and error</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">horns of a dilemma</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">tried and true</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">hour of need</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">under the weather</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">keep a stiff upper lip</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">white as a sheet</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">ladder of success</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">wise as an owl</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">last but not least</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">work like a dog</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">looking a gift horse</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">worth its weight in gold </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">in the mouth</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh:</strong> C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y viết lại c&aacute;c c&acirc;u sau để th&agrave;nh c&acirc;u ngắn gọn, s&uacute;c t&iacute;ch. Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n sẽ được đưa ra ở cuối b&agrave;i.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="26" align="left" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="464" align="left" valign="top">At this point in time we can't ascertain the reason as to why the screen door&nbsp;&nbsp; was left open. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">My sister, who is employed as a&nbsp;&nbsp;nutritionist at the University of Michigan,&nbsp;&nbsp; recommends the daily&nbsp;&nbsp;intake of megadoses of Vitamin C. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Basically, in light of the fact that&nbsp;&nbsp;Congressman Fuenches was totally exhausted&nbsp;&nbsp; by his last campaign, there&nbsp;&nbsp;was an expectation on the part of the voters that he&nbsp;&nbsp; would not&nbsp;&nbsp;reduplicate his effort to achieve office in government again. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">It is to be hoped that we discover a means to create an absolutely proper and&nbsp;&nbsp; fitting tribute to Professor Espinoza. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"> There is a desire on the part of many&nbsp;&nbsp;of us to maintain a spring recess for the&nbsp;&nbsp; purpose of getting away&nbsp;&nbsp;from the demands of our studies. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Joe was an honest and hard working&nbsp;&nbsp;man. Basically, he never gave much&nbsp;&nbsp; consideration to sitting idly&nbsp;&nbsp;about, doing nothing constructive. (Viết lại bằng một c&acirc;u) </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">What is your basic understanding of predestination? </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">At what point in time will a downturn&nbsp;&nbsp;in the stock market have a really serious&nbsp;&nbsp; effect on the social life of&nbsp;&nbsp;people as a whole? </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">I would call your attention to the&nbsp;&nbsp;fact that our President, who was formerly the&nbsp;&nbsp; Governor of Arkansas, is&nbsp;&nbsp;basically a Southerner. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">There are millions of fans who desperately want the Hartford Whalers to stay in&nbsp;&nbsp; the city. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">11.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Bothered by allergies, a condition&nbsp;&nbsp;that made them sneeze, some of the preschool&nbsp;&nbsp; children had sinus&nbsp;&nbsp;troubles that caused them to miss several days in nursery&nbsp;&nbsp; school this&nbsp;&nbsp;spring. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">12.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">The nursery school teacher education&nbsp;&nbsp;training sessions involve active&nbsp;&nbsp; interfacing with preschool children&nbsp;&nbsp;of the appropriate age as well as intensive&nbsp;&nbsp; peer interaction in the&nbsp;&nbsp;form of role playing </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">13.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">In order to prove that he could hold his own on the track team, Gordo had to train hard like the old runners.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">14.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">If you go to the store, you will see that the store is closed on Sundays because the storeowner likes to go to church.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">15.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Due to the fact that Jim liked&nbsp;&nbsp;chocolate, he was very upset when the candy company canceled production&nbsp;&nbsp;of his favorite chocolate bar.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n</strong></p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500"><tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="28" align="left" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="462" align="left" valign="top">We don't know why the screen door was left open.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">My sister, a nutritionist at the University of Michigan, recommends daily megadoses of Vitamin C.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Because Congressman Fuenches was exhausted by his last campaign, voters expected he would not seek re-election.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hoặc:<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Voters thought that Congressman Fuenches was so exhausted by his last campaign that he wouldn't seek re-election.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">We hope for an appropriate tribute to Professor Espinoza.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">We want a spring recess so we can get away from our studies. OR We want a spring recess to escape our studies.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Honest and hard working, Joe was never idle.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Explain predestination.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">When will a downturn in the stock market affect society?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Our President, formerly the Governor of Arkansas, is a Southerner.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Millions of fans desperately want the Hartford Whalers to stay in the city.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">11.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Bothered by allergies, some children missed several days in nursery school this spring.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">12.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Training for nursery school teachers involves interacting with preschoolers and role playing with peers.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">13.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">To prove that he could hold his own on the track team, Gordo had to train hard like the older runners.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">14.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">If you go to the store, you will see that it is closed on Sunday because the owner likes to go to church. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hoặc: The store is closed on Sundays because the owner attends church.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">15.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">Because Jim liked chocolate, he was very upset when the candy company canceled his favorite chocolate bar.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hoặc: Jim was upset when the candy company canceled production of his favorite chocolate bar</td></tr></tbody></table><br/>Tags - <a href="http://hoctienganh.info/tag.php?tag=hocvietcoban" rel="tag">hocvietcoban</a>
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<link>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?521</link>
<title><![CDATA[Bài 15 - How to write sentences (Cách viết câu)]]></title> 
<author>admin &lt;phamhongtu@gmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Học viết cơ bản]]></category>
<pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 16:48:02 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?521</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<p>Để c&oacute; thể viết được c&acirc;u đ&uacute;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;trước ti&ecirc;n c&aacute;c bạn phải x&aacute;c định được&nbsp;&nbsp;mục đ&iacute;ch viết c&acirc;u. Sau đ&oacute; c&aacute;c bạn cần lưu &yacute; đến việc đặt dấu c&acirc;u đ&uacute;ng v&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;viết c&acirc;u c&acirc;u theo đ&uacute;ng cấu tr&uacute;c. Ngo&agrave;i ra b&agrave;i giảng c&ograve;n đưa ra một số&nbsp;&nbsp;lưu &yacute; để c&aacute;c bạn c&oacute; thể cải thiện kỹ năng viết c&acirc;u.</p><p> <br /> <br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;MỤC Đ&Iacute;CH VIẾT C&Acirc;U</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Trước khi đặt b&uacute;t viết c&acirc;u c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nghĩ đến mục đ&iacute;ch&nbsp;&nbsp; bạn viết&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u đ&oacute;. Th&ocirc;ng thường c&aacute;c bạn thường viết để tuy&ecirc;n bố một sự việc, để&nbsp;&nbsp;phỏng đo&aacute;n hoặc để t&oacute;m tắt một vấn đề. Nhưng cũng c&oacute; l&uacute;c bạn cần viết để&nbsp;&nbsp;y&ecirc;u cầu hoặc để hỏi th&ocirc;ng tin. </p> &nbsp;&nbsp;<p>Qua việc x&aacute;c định được mục đ&iacute;ch viết c&acirc;u c&aacute;c bạn c&oacute; thể nhận biết&nbsp;&nbsp;được n&ecirc;n sử dụng kiều c&acirc;u n&agrave;o: c&acirc;u tường thuật, c&acirc;u nghi vấn, c&acirc;u cảm&nbsp;&nbsp;th&aacute;n hay c&acirc;u mệnh lệnh.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Th&ocirc;ng thường c&acirc;u tường thuật được sử dụng nhiều nhất v&agrave; c&aacute;c bạn cũng&nbsp;&nbsp;n&ecirc;n d&ugrave;ng kiểu c&acirc;u n&agrave;y nhiều hơn hẳn so với ba kiểu c&acirc;u c&ograve;n lại. Bạn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n c&oacute; thể viết cả một b&agrave;i tiểu luận hoặc b&aacute;o c&aacute;o m&agrave; chỉ d&ugrave;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;kiểu c&acirc;u tường thuật.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="52"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="438">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left"><p>Learning to Teach</p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <p> In 1987, as a new teacher, I taught adult night school rather badly at first, but learned from my early experiences.</p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <p> My teaching methods at the time were much different than now.&nbsp;&nbsp;Before the beginning of every class, I copied many pages of notes from&nbsp;&nbsp;various grammar and reading texts onto the blackboard. My students were&nbsp;&nbsp;required to spend a lot of time transcribing these notes. </p> &nbsp;&nbsp;<p> This activity took much of my class time every evening. Then, with&nbsp;&nbsp;the little time left, I would go around to see individual students and&nbsp;&nbsp;look at their work. One evening, it became clear to me that a some of my&nbsp;&nbsp;students were frustrated by my approach to teaching. Not too long&nbsp;&nbsp;after, they had quit my class.</p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <p> At the time, I felt a little upset, but wasn&rsquo;t too clear on&nbsp;&nbsp;why this had happened. It seemed to me then that the material I had&nbsp;&nbsp;presented was well chosen and important. The grammar came from a good&nbsp;&nbsp;and humourously written text, the reading from an approved GED textbook.&nbsp;&nbsp;And some of my students had stayed, dutifully transcribing my notes&nbsp;&nbsp;night after night. They were happy enough, it seemed to me then.&nbsp;&nbsp;Although I knew that there was something wrong in my approach, I wasn&rsquo;t&nbsp;&nbsp;quite sure exactly what it was.</p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <p> A teacher&rsquo;s lessons come with experience, and I now know of&nbsp;&nbsp;what limited value my classroom teaching had been in those early days.&nbsp;&nbsp;The technology of the classroom has changed, but that wasn&rsquo;t the real&nbsp;&nbsp;problem. My real worry had been about how to fill up the time, how to&nbsp;&nbsp;make sure the students were busy. Little did I know how much fun my&nbsp;&nbsp;interaction with students in group discussion would be, and how&nbsp;&nbsp;essential to their progress and enjoyment. Now I only wish I could go&nbsp;&nbsp;back in time, knowing what I know today, and meet them again, and really&nbsp;&nbsp;teach them well.</p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <p> A teacher&rsquo;s job features never-ending revelations of human&nbsp;&nbsp;nature and of how people learn. Certainly, I will never be bored as long&nbsp;&nbsp;as I continue in this work.</p></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>C&aacute;c bạn c&oacute; thể dễ d&agrave;ng nhận ra b&agrave;i tiểu luận tr&ecirc;n chỉ d&ugrave;ng kiểu c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;tường thuật nhưng&nbsp;&nbsp;kh&ocirc;ng ảnh hưởng g&igrave; đến kết cấu v&agrave; ngữ nghĩa cũng như&nbsp;&nbsp;nội dung biểu đạt của b&agrave;i.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; C&acirc;u nghi vấn thường được d&ugrave;ng trong những đoạn hội thoại. C&ograve;n&nbsp;&nbsp;b&agrave;i&nbsp;&nbsp;tiểu luận hoặc b&aacute;o c&aacute;o&nbsp;&nbsp;sẽ kh&ocirc;ng sử dụng c&acirc;u nghi vấn. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n một&nbsp;&nbsp;dạng đặc biệt của c&acirc;u nghi vấn l&agrave; c&acirc;u hỏi tu từ (c&acirc;u hỏi đưa ra kh&ocirc;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;nhằm mục đ&iacute;ch hỏi, kh&ocirc;ng y&ecirc;u cầu người đọc phải trả lời) lại l&agrave; một c&ocirc;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;cụ rất hữu hiệu để giới thiệu đề t&agrave;i hoặc vấn đề mới của b&agrave;i luận.&nbsp;&nbsp;Nhưng bạn cũng đừng n&ecirc;n lạm dụng kiểu c&acirc;u n&agrave;y v&igrave; nếu sử dụng qu&aacute; nhiều&nbsp;&nbsp;sẽ phản t&aacute;c dụng.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="53"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="437">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;How can people have hope when we tell them that they have no recourse,&nbsp;&nbsp;if they run afoul of the state justice system?&quot; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Edward Kennedy <em>Senate debate on the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act</em> 1968</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When that the poor have cried,&nbsp;&nbsp;Caesar hath wept: <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ambition should be made of sterner stuff: <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yet&nbsp;&nbsp;Brutus says he was ambitious; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; And Brutus is an honourable man. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; You&nbsp;&nbsp;all did see that on the Lupercal <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I thrice presented him a kingly&nbsp;&nbsp;crown, <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition?&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;William&nbsp;&nbsp;Shakespeare Julius Caesar, Act 3, scene 2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;C&acirc;u cảm th&aacute;n được d&ugrave;ng phổ biến trong những b&agrave;i diễn văn v&agrave; đ&ocirc;i khi&nbsp;&nbsp; tiểu thuyết cũng sử dụng loại c&acirc;u n&agrave;y. Nhưng hơn 200 năm nay loại c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;n&agrave;y gần như biến mất trong những b&agrave;i viết học thuật. Trong những b&agrave;i&nbsp;&nbsp;viết học thuật bạn kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n sử dụng c&acirc;u cảm th&aacute;n trừ khi bạn muốn tr&iacute;ch&nbsp;&nbsp;dẫn trực tiếp c&acirc;u n&oacute;i đ&oacute;. Trong trường hợp ấy bạn h&atilde;y lưu &yacute; rằng cuối&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u cảm th&aacute;n h&atilde;y đặt dấu chấm than để kết th&uacute;c c&acirc;u.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="53"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="437">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>What a piece of work is a man! how noble in reason! how infinite&nbsp;&nbsp;in&nbsp;&nbsp;faculty! in form and moving how express and admirable! in action&nbsp;&nbsp;how&nbsp;&nbsp;like an angel! in apprehension how like a god!&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> (William Shakespeare, <em>Hamlet</em>)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;Ngo&agrave;i ra c&aacute;c bạn cũng kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n sử dụng c&acirc;u mệnh lệnh trong b&agrave;i&nbsp;&nbsp;viết học thuật. Trong trường hợp bạn d&ugrave;ng loại c&acirc;u n&agrave;y th&igrave; cũng chỉ n&ecirc;n&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave; những c&acirc;u lệnh nhẹ nh&agrave;ng, ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy n&oacute; sẽ được kết th&uacute;c bởi dấu&nbsp;&nbsp;chấm c&acirc;u b&igrave;nh thường chứ kh&ocirc;ng phải l&agrave; dấu chấm than.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="53"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="437">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;<em>Take me out to the ball game,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Take me out with the crowd.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Buy me some peanuts and Cracker Jack,</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I don't care if I never get back.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Jack Norworth and Albert Von Tilzer, &quot;Take Me Out to the Ball Game&quot;)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Westley: <em>Give us the gate key.</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yellin: I have no gate key.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inigo Montoya: <em>Fezzik, tear his arms off.</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yellin: Oh, you mean <em>this</em> gate key.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (<em>The Princess Bride</em>, 1987)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>D&Ugrave;NG DẤU C&Acirc;U </strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Để c&oacute; thể viết được một c&acirc;u đ&uacute;ng bạn phải nắm chắc c&aacute;ch sử dụng dấu&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nhớ dấu chấm c&acirc;u được d&ugrave;ng để kết th&uacute;c một c&acirc;u tường&nbsp;&nbsp;thuật. C&acirc;u nghi vấn th&igrave; được d&ugrave;ng dấu chấm hỏi ở cuối c&acirc;u. C&acirc;u cảm th&aacute;n&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; thể được kết th&uacute;c bằng dấu chấm than c&ograve;n c&acirc;u mệnh lệnh th&igrave; c&oacute; thể&nbsp;&nbsp;d&ugrave;ng dấu chấm than hoặc dấu chấm. </p> &nbsp;&nbsp;<p> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Ngo&agrave;i phần dấu d&ugrave;ng cho c&aacute;c kiểu c&acirc;u ra c&aacute;c bạn cũng&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;phải ph&acirc;n biệt r&otilde; r&agrave;ng từng loại dấu c&acirc;u d&ugrave;ng cho từng trường hợp cụ&nbsp;&nbsp;thể. Phần n&agrave;y đ&atilde; được giới thiệu cụ thể cho c&aacute;c bạn ở Lesson 1.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh 1:</strong> H&atilde;y chọn c&acirc;u d&ugrave;ng dấu c&acirc;u đ&uacute;ng. Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n sẽ được đưa ra ở cuối b&agrave;i. <br /> </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="35" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="38" valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="413" valign="top">Dr Harrison will speak at a hotel in Chicago, Ill, on Thurs at 3:00 P.M.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Dr. Harrison will speak at a hotel in Chicago, Ill, on Thurs at 3:00 PM.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Dr Harrison will speak at a hotel in Chicago, Ill, on Thurs. at 3:00 P.M.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Dr. Harrison will speak at a hotel in Chicago, Ill., on Thurs. at 3:00 P.M.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Watch out. The road is icy?<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Watch out! The road is icy.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Watch out? The road is icy!<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Watch out, the road is icy?<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Charlotte, who ran in the Boston Marathon last year will compete in this year's&nbsp;&nbsp; New York Marathon.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Charlotte who ran in the Boston Marathon, last year, will compete in this year's&nbsp;&nbsp; New York Marathon.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Charlotte who ran in the Boston Marathon last year, will compete in this year's&nbsp;&nbsp; New York Marathon.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Charlotte, who ran in the Boston Marathon last year, will compete in this year's&nbsp;&nbsp; New York Marathon.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">The park service will not allow anyone, who does not have a camping permit, to&nbsp;&nbsp; use this campground.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">The park service will not allow anyone who does not have a camping permit to use&nbsp;&nbsp; this campground.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">The park service will not allow anyone, who does not have a camping permit to&nbsp;&nbsp; use this campground.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">The park service will not allow anyone who does not have a camping permit, to&nbsp;&nbsp; use this campground.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">As soon as he finished his homework, Rod, who is a member of the baseball team,&nbsp;&nbsp; went to batting practice.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">As soon as he finished his homework Rod, who is a member of the baseball team&nbsp;&nbsp; went to batting practice.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> As soon as he finished, his homework, Rod who is a member of the baseball team,&nbsp;&nbsp; went to batting practice.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">As soon as he finished his homework, Rod who is a member of the baseball team&nbsp;&nbsp; went to batting practice.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Yes I would like to see a copy of the report and please send it today by&nbsp;&nbsp; priority mail.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Yes, I would like to see a copy of the report and please send it, today by&nbsp;&nbsp; priority mail.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Yes, I would like to see a copy of the report and, please send it today by&nbsp;&nbsp; priority mail.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Yes, I would like to see a copy of the report, and please send it today by&nbsp;&nbsp; priority mail.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">I'm sorry, Bart, that you cannot meet us for dinner tonight. We'll phone you&nbsp;&nbsp; again next Friday.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">I'm sorry, Bart that you cannot meet us for dinner tonight. We'll phone you&nbsp;&nbsp; again next Friday.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">I'm sorry Bart that you cannot meet us for dinner tonight. We'll phone you again&nbsp;&nbsp; next Friday.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">I'm sorry, Bart, that you cannot meet us for dinner tonight, we'll phone you&nbsp;&nbsp; again next Friday.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">One of my concerns&mdash;if you really want to know is that the city council will vote&nbsp;&nbsp; against the new plan.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">One of my concerns&mdash;if you really want to know&mdash;is that the city council will vote&nbsp;&nbsp; against the new plan.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">One of my concerns, if you really want to know&mdash;is that the city council will&nbsp;&nbsp; vote against the new plan.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">One of my concerns if you really want to know is that the city council will vote&nbsp;&nbsp; against the new plan.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">You will find boys' shirts in the childrens' department.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">You will find boy's shirts in the children's department.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">You will find boys' shirts in the children's department.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">You will find boy's shirts in the childrens' department.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&quot;May I ride with you?&quot; asked Del. &quot;I can't get my car started.&quot;<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">May I ride with you? asked Del. &quot;I can't get my car started.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&quot;May I ride with you? asked Del. I can't get my car started.''<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&quot;May I ride with you&quot;? asked Del, &quot;I can't get my car started.&quot;<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>VIẾT Đ&Uacute;NG CẤU TR&Uacute;C C&Acirc;U<br /> </strong><br /> Th&ocirc;ng thường, một c&acirc;u đơn trong tiếng Anh gồm c&oacute; ba yếu tố cơ bản: <em>chủ ngữ, động từ </em>v&agrave;<em> bổ ngữ</em>.</p> <table border="0">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th align="left">V&Iacute; DỤ </th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th>&nbsp;</th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th>&nbsp;</th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th width="100" align="left">Chủ ngữ </th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="28" align="left">&nbsp; &nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th width="81" align="left">Động từ </th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="21" align="left">&nbsp; &nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th width="248" align="left">Bổ ngữ</th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left">The cat</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="28" align="left">&nbsp; &nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left">eats</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="21" align="left">&nbsp; &nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left">the goldfish</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left">My friend</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="28" align="left">&nbsp; &nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left">is</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="21" align="left">&nbsp; &nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left">tall</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left">Some sheep</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="28" align="left">&nbsp; &nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left">are</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="21" align="left">&nbsp; &nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left">black</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tbody> </table> <p>Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy khi viết c&acirc;u c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y lưu &yacute; đến m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh n&agrave;y. C&acirc;u viết&nbsp;&nbsp;sai thường l&agrave; c&acirc;u thiếu một trong ba yếu tố tr&ecirc;n hoặc đặt sai vị tr&iacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;của ch&uacute;ng. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Sau đ&acirc;y c&aacute;c bạn sẽ được giới thiệu những l&yacute; do dễ dẫn đến việc viết c&acirc;u sai cấu tr&uacute;c. </p> <ul><li><p>Viết c&acirc;u qu&aacute; d&agrave;i.</p>&nbsp;&nbsp; </li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <p> Nối th&ecirc;m&nbsp;&nbsp;mệnh đề v&agrave;o mệnh đề kh&aacute;c nhưng kh&ocirc;ng kiểm so&aacute;t được vai tr&ograve; ngữ ph&aacute;p của mệnh đề.</p>&nbsp;&nbsp; </li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <p> C&acirc;u được bắt đầu bằng động từ hoặc t&acirc;n ngữ.</p>&nbsp;&nbsp; </li><li>C&acirc;u c&oacute; li&ecirc;n từ phụ thuộc như although hoặc because đứng đầu. </li></ul> <p>Để c&oacute; thể viết đ&uacute;ng được cấu tr&uacute;c của c&acirc;u c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y lưu &yacute; rằng tất&nbsp;&nbsp;cả c&aacute;c c&acirc;u đ&uacute;ng đều phải trả lời được c&acirc;u hỏi &quot;Ai?&quot; v&agrave; &quot;C&aacute;i g&igrave;?&quot;. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>V&iacute; dụ:</strong> <span>Johnny is walking to the store.</span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; C&acirc;u v&iacute; dụ tr&ecirc;n c&oacute; đủ 3 th&agrave;nh tố. Johnmy l&agrave; chủ ngữ,&nbsp;&nbsp;is walking l&agrave; động từ v&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;to the store l&agrave; bổ ngữ.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; B&ecirc;n cạnh đ&oacute; c&acirc;u cũng trả lời được hai c&acirc;u hỏi &quot;Ai?&quot; (Johnny) v&agrave; &quot;C&aacute;i g&igrave;?&quot; (is walking to the store)<strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; MỘT SỐ&nbsp;&nbsp;LƯU &Yacute; ĐỂ VIẾT C&Acirc;U Đ&Uacute;NG</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> 1. Những c&acirc;u ngắn, r&otilde; r&agrave;ng v&agrave; đơn giản thường hiệu quả hơn so với những&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u d&agrave;i v&agrave; phức tạp. C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y tr&aacute;nh việc xếp chồng đống c&aacute;c mệnh đề&nbsp;&nbsp;lại với nhau. V&agrave; lưu &yacute; tu&acirc;n thủ&nbsp;&nbsp;quy tắc sau: <strong>Keep it short. Keep it simple</strong>. (Viết ngắn v&agrave; đơn giản) </p> <p>2. C&aacute;c bạn n&ecirc;n tr&aacute;nh mở đầu c&acirc;u bằng những từ như&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>'Again',&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'Although', 'But', 'And', 'Also', </em>v&agrave;<em> 'With'.</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;Những li&ecirc;n từ đ&oacute; thường đứng ở giữa c&acirc;u chứ kh&ocirc;ng phải ở đầu c&acirc;u. Những&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u bắt đầu bằng li&ecirc;n từ kể tr&ecirc;n thường l&agrave; c&acirc;u c&oacute; ngữ ph&aacute;p chưa ho&agrave;n&nbsp;&nbsp;chỉnh.</p> <p> 3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nhớ rằng b&agrave;i ph&aacute;t biểu v&agrave; b&agrave;i viết l&agrave; hai phương&nbsp;&nbsp;thức truyền đạt kh&aacute;c nhau. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy, c&aacute;c bạn n&ecirc;n tr&aacute;nh d&ugrave;ng văn&nbsp;&nbsp;phong n&oacute;i khi viết c&acirc;u. Kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n li&ecirc;n kết những mệnh đề kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; li&ecirc;n&nbsp;&nbsp;quan về mặt ngữ ph&aacute;p lại với nhau. Trong văn n&oacute;i điều đ&oacute; kh&aacute; phổ biến v&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; thể ch&acirc;m trước được nhưng c&aacute;c bạn n&ecirc;n tr&aacute;nh sử dụng trong văn viết<strong>.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> V&Iacute; DỤ:<br /> </strong></p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="40">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="450">Less smoking would undoubtedly lead to redundancies&nbsp;&nbsp;in the tobacco industry, a consequent rise in the number of unemployed,&nbsp;&nbsp;more people dependent upon State benefits to be supported by a&nbsp;&nbsp;government with subsequently reduced income. <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>V&iacute; dụ tr&ecirc;n sử dụng&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u c&oacute; qu&aacute; nhiều mệnh đề kh&ocirc;ng li&ecirc;n quan đến&nbsp;&nbsp;nhau. C&acirc;u qu&aacute; d&agrave;i v&agrave; hậu quả l&agrave; đ&atilde; kh&ocirc;ng kiểm so&aacute;t được phần ngữ ph&aacute;p&nbsp;&nbsp;của c&acirc;u.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sau đ&acirc;y c&aacute;c bạn sẽ được giới thiệu một c&acirc;u c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng nội dung với c&acirc;u tr&ecirc;n&nbsp;&nbsp;nhưng đ&atilde; được diễn đạt r&otilde; r&agrave;ng v&agrave; hiệu quả hơn nhờ việc t&aacute;ch ch&uacute;ng ra&nbsp;&nbsp;th&agrave;nh hai c&acirc;u ngắn hơn. Chỉ hai thay đổi nhỏ th&ocirc;i cũng l&agrave;m c&acirc;u hay v&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;hiệu quả hơn rất nhiều.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="40">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="450">Less smoking would undoubtedly lead to redundancies&nbsp;&nbsp;in the tobacco industry and a consequent rise in the number of&nbsp;&nbsp;unemployed. More people would then become dependent upon State benefits,&nbsp;&nbsp;which would have to be paid out by a government with a reduced income.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh 2: </strong>Bạn h&atilde;y viết lại những c&acirc;u sau đ&acirc;y. Lược bỏ những từ kh&ocirc;ng cần thiết hoặc thay đổi để c&acirc;u ngắn gọn hơn.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="27" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="463" valign="top">The motor vehicle propelled itself up the cliff and landed in nature's watery&nbsp;&nbsp; bosom.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">He found his neighbor who lived next door to be attractive in appearance.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Joe found that the fictional novel by Alcott conveyed a sense of emotion and&nbsp;&nbsp; feeling.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">He was really late to his English class due to the fact that he had to finish his math test.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">In hopes of rejuvenating their romantic liaison, the couple went on a pilgrimage&nbsp;&nbsp; to become one with nature.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Sometimes a particular part of one musical piece affects the listener more than&nbsp;&nbsp; another piece in its entirety. <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Although they were several in number, the street gang feared the police.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Bob provided an explanation of the computer to his grandmother.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">During the time when I lived in South Carolina, it was my intention to go to college in Florida.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">After extensive nightly labors on an academic assignment, Sally needed a lengthy&nbsp;&nbsp; period of somnolence. <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>Đ&Aacute;P &Aacute;N</strong> <br /> <br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh 1</strong><br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="29">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="461">d</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>d</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>d</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>c</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh 2 </strong><br /> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500"><tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="26" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="464" valign="top">The car sped up the cliff and plummeted into the ocean.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">He found his neighbor attractive.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Joe found Alcott's book, Little Women, both delightful and tragic.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">He was late for English because he had to finish his math test.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">In hopes of rekindling their romance, the couple went camping.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">The perfectly placed notes at the climax of a Mozart symphony can&nbsp;&nbsp;put most modern music to shame.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Although they were a large group, the street gang feared the police.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Bob explained the computer to his grandmother.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">When I lived in South Carolina, I planned to attend college in Florida.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">After staying up all night finishing a paper, Sally needed a long nap. </td></tr></tbody></table><br/>Tags - <a href="http://hoctienganh.info/tag.php?tag=hocvietcoban" rel="tag">hocvietcoban</a>
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<link>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?520</link>
<title><![CDATA[Bài 14 - Sentence types  classes ( Các kiểu  loại câu)]]></title> 
<author>admin &lt;phamhongtu@gmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Học viết cơ bản]]></category>
<pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 16:43:36 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?520</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<p> <strong>SENTENCE TYPES (C&Aacute;C KIỂU C&Acirc;U)</strong></p><p><br /> Trong<a href="/" target="_blank"> tiếng Anh </a> c&acirc;u được chia ra l&agrave;m bốn kiểu c&acirc;u:<br /> <br /> </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="33">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="248">Declarative Sentence (C&acirc;u tường thuật)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Interrogative Sentence (C&acirc;u nghi vấn)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Exclamatory Sentence (C&acirc;u cảm th&aacute;n)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> Imperative&nbsp;&nbsp;Sentence (C&acirc;u mệnh lệnh)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> Trong đ&oacute; kiểu c&acirc;u đầu ti&ecirc;n l&agrave; thường gặp nhất.<br /> <br /> <strong>DECLARATIVE SENTENCE (C&Acirc;U TƯỜNG THUẬT)</strong><br /> <em><strong>KH&Aacute;I NIỆM</strong></em><br /> <br /> C&acirc;u tường thuật l&agrave; c&acirc;u d&ugrave;ng để tuy&ecirc;n bố một sự việc, sự sắp đặt hoặc một &yacute; kiến n&agrave;o đ&oacute;.&nbsp;&nbsp;C&acirc;u tường thuật c&oacute; hai dạng l&agrave; khẳng định v&agrave; phủ định. C&acirc;u tường thuật được kết th&uacute;c bởi dấu chấm c&acirc;u (.). <br /> <p>Cấu tr&uacute;c của c&acirc;u tường thu&acirc;t thường l&agrave;:<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; subject (chủ ngữ) + predicate (vị ngữ) <br /> Trong đ&oacute; chủ ngữ c&oacute; thể l&agrave; chủ ngữ đơn hoặc chủ ngữ k&eacute;p.</p> <p>Trong c&acirc;u tường thuật dưới đ&acirc;y &quot;His name is John.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Chủ ngữ l&agrave; &quot;his name&quot; c&ograve;n vị ngữ l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;is John&quot;.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">I'll meet you at the train station.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The sun rises in the East.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>He doesn't get up early. <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;A banker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, but wants it back the minute it begins to rain.&quot;<br /> (Mark Twain)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;I celebrated Thanksgiving in an old-fashioned way. I invited&nbsp;&nbsp; everyone in my neighborhood to my house, we had an enormous feast, and&nbsp;&nbsp; then I killed them and took their land.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Jon Stewart)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <p> <strong>INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE (C&Acirc;U NGHI VẤN)</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <em><strong>KH&Aacute;I NIỆM</strong></em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> C&acirc;u nghi vấn l&agrave; c&acirc;u được d&ugrave;ng để&nbsp;&nbsp;hỏi. Loại c&acirc;u n&agrave;y thường được bắt đầu&nbsp;&nbsp;bằng những từ để hỏi như what, who, hoặc how. Trong trường hợp kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;từ để hỏi th&igrave; trợ động từ như do/does, can hoặc would sẽ được đặt ở đầu&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u v&agrave; được theo sau bởi động từ ch&iacute;nh. C&acirc;u nghi vấn được kết th&uacute;c c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;bởi dấu chấm hỏi (?).</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">How long have you lived in France?<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>When does the bus leave?<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Do you enjoy listening to classical music? <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;What is the use of a house if you haven't got a tolerable planet to put it on?&quot;<br /> (Henry David Thoreau)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;If winning isn't everything, why do they keep score?&quot;<br /> (Vince Lombardi)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;What is . . . the essence of coffee?&quot;<br /> (Slogan quảng c&aacute;o cho c&agrave; ph&ecirc; Yuban)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <p>C&acirc;u nghi vấn được chia ra th&agrave;nh 4 loại:</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="23">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="219">Yes/No Interrogatives</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="244">C&acirc;u nghi vấn c&oacute; c&acirc;u trả lời l&agrave; Yes/No</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Alternative Interrogatives</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>C&acirc;u hỏi chọn lựa </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Wh- Interrogative</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>C&acirc;u hỏi bắt đầu bằng W, H </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Tag Questions</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>C&acirc;u hỏi đu&ocirc;i </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>Yes/No Interrogatives (C&acirc;u nghi vấn c&oacute; c&acirc;u trả lời l&agrave; Yes/No) </strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Loại c&acirc;u hỏi n&agrave;y thường kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; từ để hỏi m&agrave; đảo trợ động từ l&ecirc;n đầu&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u v&agrave; mang &yacute; nghĩa l&agrave; &quot;c&oacute; phải l&agrave;...&quot;. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy, c&acirc;u trả lời cho&nbsp;&nbsp;loại c&acirc;u n&agrave;y thường bắt đầu bằng&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes hoặc No.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Will you bring your book?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>=&gt; Answer: Yes or No</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Did she pass the test?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Answer: Yes or No</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>Alternative Interrogatives (C&acirc;u hỏi chọn lựa)</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> C&acirc;u hỏi lựa chọn l&agrave; loại c&acirc;u đưa sẵn ra nhiều phương &aacute;n để người được&nbsp;&nbsp;hỏi chọn một hoặc v&agrave;i đ&aacute;p &aacute;n trong số đ&oacute;. Loại c&acirc;u n&agrave;y cũng thường c&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;trợ động từ đứng đầu c&acirc;u đ&oacute;ng vai tr&ograve; l&agrave; từ để hỏi như ở kiểu c&acirc;u nghi&nbsp;&nbsp;vấn c&oacute; c&acirc;u trả lời l&agrave; Yes/No. </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Should I telephone you or send an email?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> Do you want bear, wine, or wisky?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>Wh- Interrogatives (C&acirc;u hỏi bắt đầu bằng W, H)</strong> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> C&acirc;u hỏi bắt đầu bằng W, H l&agrave; c&acirc;u thường c&oacute; những từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng&nbsp;&nbsp;W, H. Đ&acirc;y l&agrave; loại c&acirc;u hỏi cho ph&eacute;p người được học đưa ra phần trả lời mở&nbsp;&nbsp;theo &yacute; kiến của họ. Đ&acirc;y l&agrave; điểm kh&aacute;c biệt r&otilde; rệt so với hai loại c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;tr&ecirc;n. </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>What happened?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Where do you work?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Who won the Cup Final in 1997?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>Tag Questions (C&acirc;u hỏi đu&ocirc;i )</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> C&acirc;u hỏi đu&ocirc;i l&agrave; loại c&acirc;u hỏi được h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh bằng c&aacute;ch th&ecirc;m từ mang&nbsp;&nbsp;nghĩa phủ định ở cuối c&acirc;u tường thuật để x&aacute;c minh xem th&ocirc;ng tin đưa ra&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; đ&uacute;ng kh&ocirc;ng.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>David plays the piano, doesn't he?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>We've forgotten the milk, haven't we?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>There's a big match tonight, isn't there?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><a href="/"><strong>Ch&uacute; &yacute;</strong></a><br /> C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đ&aacute;nh gi&aacute; cẩn thận, kỹ c&agrave;ng khi ph&acirc;n biệt c&acirc;u hỏi trực tiếp&nbsp;&nbsp;v&agrave; c&acirc;u hỏi gi&aacute;n tiếp. Đặc điểm nổi bật dễ nhận thấy nhất l&agrave; c&acirc;u hỏi trực&nbsp;&nbsp;tiếp thường đảo vị tr&iacute; của từ trong c&acirc;u v&agrave; kết th&uacute;c c&acirc;u bởi dấu chấm&nbsp;&nbsp;hỏi. C&ograve;n trong c&acirc;u hỏi gi&aacute;n tiếp, trật tự từ vẫn được giữ nguy&ecirc;n v&agrave; c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;được kết th&uacute;c bởi dấu chấm.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>When was Lester Pearson prime minister?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>=&gt; C&acirc;u hỏi trực tiếp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I wonder when Lester Pearson was prime minister.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>=&gt; C&acirc;u hỏi gi&aacute;n tiếp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p> <strong>EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE (C&Acirc;U CẢM TH&Aacute;N)<em><br /> KH&Aacute;I NIỆM</em></strong></p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;C&acirc;u cảm th&aacute;n l&agrave; c&acirc;u được d&ugrave;ng để nhấn mạnh một lời tuy&ecirc;n bố hoặc đề&nbsp;&nbsp;diễn tả cảm x&uacute;c. C&acirc;u cảm th&aacute;n được kết th&uacute;c bởi dấu chấm than (dấu chấm&nbsp;&nbsp;cảm) (!). <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; C&acirc;u cảm th&aacute;n thường được bắt đầu bởi &quot;what&quot; hoặc&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;how&quot; để bộc lộ sự&nbsp;&nbsp;biến đổi về cảm x&uacute;c như ngạc nhi&ecirc;n hoặc ngưỡng mộ, th&iacute;ch th&uacute; cao độ.&nbsp;&nbsp;Trong những trường hợp ấy bổ ngữ thường được đứng trước chủ ngữ hoặc&nbsp;&nbsp;động từ để nhấn mạnh cảm x&uacute;c. </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>What a naughty dog he is!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>What an amazing game that was!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;What other dungeon is so dark as one's own heart! What jailer so inexorable as one's self!&quot;<br /> (Nathaniel Hawthorne)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;What a grand thing, to be loved! What a grander thing still, to love!&quot;<br /> (Victor Hugo)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">How well everyone played!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>How wonderful you look!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;How important it is for us to recognize and celebrate our heroes and she-roes!&quot;<br /> (Maya Angelou)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <p>Tuy nhi&ecirc;n cũng c&oacute; những trường hợp, c&acirc;u cảm th&aacute;n kh&ocirc;ng trải qua qu&aacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;tr&igrave;nh biến đổi cảm x&uacute;c m&agrave; vẫn thể hiện được cảm x&uacute;c mạnh m&agrave; t&aacute;c giả muốn&nbsp;&nbsp;lột tả. </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">Have you ever seen a mountain that huge!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Is my leg ever going to heal!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">Hurry up!<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>That sounds fantastic!<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I can't believe you said that! <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;I can't believe it! Reading and writing actually paid off!&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (The Simpsons)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Go confidently in the direction of your dreams!&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Henry David Thoreau)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Calgon! Take me away!&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Slogan quảng c&aacute;o)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>IMPERATIVE SENTENCE (C&Acirc;U MỆNH LỆNH)</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <em><strong>KH&Aacute;I NIỆM</strong></em></p> <p> C&acirc;u mệnh lệnh l&agrave; c&acirc;u d&ugrave;ng để đề nghị, y&ecirc;u cầu hoặc ra lệnh cho người&nbsp;&nbsp;kh&aacute;c.&nbsp;&nbsp;C&acirc;u mệnh lệnh kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; chủ ngữ m&agrave; được ngầm hiểu rằng chủ ngữ l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;đại từ ng&ocirc;i thứ hai chỉ người nghe trực tiếp (you). C&acirc;u mệnh lệnh được&nbsp;&nbsp;kết th&uacute;c c&acirc;u bởi dấu chấm (.) hoặc dấu chấm than (!). <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> C&acirc;u mệnh lệnh thường bao gồm những động từ nguy&ecirc;n thể đ&oacute;ng vai tr&ograve; l&agrave; vị&nbsp;&nbsp;ngữ. Cụm động từ kh&ocirc;ng được ph&eacute;p sử dụng trong dạng c&acirc;u n&agrave;y. <br /> <br /> Cấu tr&uacute;c của một c&acirc;u mệnh lệnh thường l&agrave;: </p> <p> &lt;Imperative Sentence&gt; = &lt;predicate&gt; = &lt;verb&gt; &lt;complement&gt; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;C&acirc;u mệnh lệnh &gt; = &lt;vị ngữ&gt; = &lt;động từ&gt; &lt;bổ ngữ&gt;</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Go to your room!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">Open the door.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Finish your homework.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Pick up that mess. <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;<em>Always do right.</em> This will gratify some people and astonish the rest.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Mark Twain)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><em>&quot;Seek simplicity, and distrust it.&quot;</em><br /> (Alfred North Whitehead)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><em>&quot;Leave the gun.</em> [pause] <em>Take the cannolis.&quot;</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Clemenza in <em>The Godfather</em>, 1972)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><em>&quot;Bring me the head of Alfredo Garcia!&quot;</em><br /> (El Jefe, <em>Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia</em>, 1974)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><em>Take this quarter, go downtown, and have a rat gnaw that thing off your face!&quot;</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (John Candy as Buck Russell in <em>Uncle Buck</em>, 1989)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><em>&quot;Think Small.&quot;</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Slogan quảng c&aacute;o của Volkswagen) <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh 1:</strong> C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y x&aacute;c định kiểu c&acirc;u của&nbsp;&nbsp;những c&acirc;u sau đ&acirc;y rồi điền TT (c&acirc;u tường thuật), NV (c&acirc;u nghi vấn), CT&nbsp;&nbsp;(c&acirc;u cảm th&aacute;n) v&agrave; ML (c&acirc;u mệnh lệnh) v&agrave;o &ocirc; trống b&ecirc;n cạnh. Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n sẽ&nbsp;&nbsp;được đưa ra ở cuối b&agrave;i. <br /> <br /> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="27">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="421"> Why do you believe that?&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="38">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I want to know why you believe that.&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> Please accept my apology.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Your face is frightening the baby!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>My shoe is on fire!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>When did you first notice that your shoe was on fire?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> My doctor told me to take these vitamins.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Ask Doris for the recipe.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> Did you solve the puzzle yet?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Ann, hand me your coat.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>11.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> It&rsquo;s hard to believe that this paper is made from wood.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>12.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>There are more apples in the refrigerator.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>13.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>We&rsquo;re on the wrong planet!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>14.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> Will Patricia pause to place poached pickles on Paula&rsquo;s pretty plate?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>15.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Send her a nice gift.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>SENTENCE CLASSES (C&Aacute;C LOẠI C&Acirc;U)</strong><br /> <br /> Trong tiếng Anh, c&acirc;u được chia ra l&agrave;m bốn loại c&acirc;u:<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="63">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="427">Simple Sentence (C&acirc;u đơn) <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Compound Sentence (C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p) <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Complex Sentence (C&acirc;u phức) <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Compound - Complex Sentence (C&acirc;u hỗn hợp) <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p> <strong>SIMPLE SENTENCES (C&Acirc;U ĐƠN)</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <em><strong>KH&Aacute;I NIỆM</strong></em></p> <p> Loại c&acirc;u cơ bản trong tiếng Anh l&agrave; c&acirc;u đơn. C&acirc;u đơn l&agrave; c&acirc;u chỉ bao&nbsp;&nbsp;gồm một mệnh đề độc lập, kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; li&ecirc;n từ như and, but, or, vv..., được&nbsp;&nbsp;d&ugrave;ng để mi&ecirc;u tả một sự vật, hiện tượng, &yacute; tưởng hoặc đưa ra nghi vấn,&nbsp;&nbsp;thắc mắc.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Đ&acirc;y l&agrave; loại c&acirc;u đầu ti&ecirc;n trẻ em được dạy v&agrave; loại c&acirc;u được d&ugrave;ng phổ biến&nbsp;&nbsp;nhất trong văn n&oacute;i thuộc mọi lứa tuổi. Trong văn viết c&acirc;u đơn được d&ugrave;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;để tập trung sự ch&uacute; &yacute; v&agrave; đưa ra kết luận cuối c&ugrave;ng của một cuộc tranh&nbsp;&nbsp;c&atilde;i. Nhưng c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y lưu &yacute; kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n d&ugrave;ng qu&aacute; nhiều c&acirc;u đơn trong văn&nbsp;&nbsp;viết, bởi điều đ&oacute; sẽ l&agrave;m phong c&aacute;ch viết của c&aacute;c bạn giống trẻ con. <br /> <br /> C&acirc;u đơn c&oacute; thể chỉ l&agrave; một từ. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, th&ocirc;ng thường một c&acirc;u đơn sẽ gồm&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; chủ ngữ v&agrave; vị ngữ, trong đ&oacute; vị ngữ thường c&oacute; bổ ngữ đi k&egrave;m. C&aacute;c bạn&nbsp;&nbsp;h&atilde;y quan s&aacute;t những c&acirc;u dưới đ&acirc;y, tuy rằng độ ngắn d&agrave;i v&agrave; th&agrave;nh phần kh&aacute;c&nbsp;&nbsp;nhau nhưng ch&uacute;ng đều l&agrave; c&acirc;u đơn bởi c&aacute;c c&acirc;u đều được cấu th&agrave;nh bởi một&nbsp;&nbsp;mệnh đề độc lập:</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="38">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="452"><strong>Melt</strong>!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Ice <strong>melts</strong>.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The ice <strong>melts</strong> quickly.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The ice on the river <strong>melts</strong> quickly under the warm March&nbsp;&nbsp;sun.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Lying exposed without its blanket of snow, the ice on the river <strong>melts</strong> quickly under the warm March sun.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;Một c&acirc;u c&oacute; chủ ngữ hoặc vị ngữ k&eacute;p vẫn được xếp v&agrave;o loại c&acirc;u đơn.&nbsp;&nbsp;C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y quan s&aacute;t những v&iacute; dụ dưới đ&acirc;y để thấy r&otilde; điều đ&oacute;:</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The brown dog with the red collar always barks loudly.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The dog barked and growled loudly.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>You and your friends can see the mountain on your next trip.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>You can see the mountain and climb to the top.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Peter and Sue visited the museum last Saturday.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Early to rise and early to bed makes a male healthy and wealthy and dead.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (James Thurber)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>COMPOUND SENTENCES (C&Acirc;U GH&Eacute;P)</strong><br /> <em><strong>KH&Aacute;I NIỆM</strong><br /> </em><br /> C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p l&agrave; c&acirc;u c&oacute; &iacute;t nhất hai mệnh đề độc lập. Ch&uacute;ng được tạo bởi nhiều&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u đơn v&agrave; nối với nhau bởi li&ecirc;n từ như and, but, or, vv...<br /> <br /> Quan s&aacute;t c&acirc;u sau đ&acirc;y:<br /> <br /> &quot;The sun was setting in the west and the moon was just rising.&quot; <p>C&aacute;c bạn c&oacute; thể dễ d&agrave;ng nhận thấy mỗi vế c&oacute; thể tồn tại độc lập m&agrave; vẫn&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; nghĩa v&agrave; đ&uacute;ng về mặt ngữ ph&aacute;p. Đ&acirc;y l&agrave; đặc điểm nổi bật v&agrave; dễ nhận&nbsp;&nbsp;dạng nhất ở c&acirc;u gh&eacute;p thi ph&acirc;n biệt với những loại c&acirc;u kh&aacute;c. </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">I wanted to come, but it was late.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The company had an excellent year, so they gave everyone a bonus.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I went shopping, and my wife went to her classes. <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Feasts must be solemn and rare, or else they cease to be feasts.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Aldous Huxley)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;I used to be snow white, but I drifted.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Mae West)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (John F. Kennedy)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Tell the truth, work hard, and come to dinner on time.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Gerald R. Ford)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;You can put wings on a pig, but you don't make it an eagle.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Bill Clinton)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;I have opinions of my own, strong opinions, but I don't always agree with them.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (George H. W. Bush)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;I have often wanted to drown my troubles, but I can't get my wife to go swimming.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Jimmy Carter)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> C&oacute; ba c&aacute;ch li&ecirc;n kết c&aacute;c mệnh đề độc lập để tạo th&agrave;nh c&acirc;u gh&eacute;p. Đ&oacute; l&agrave;:<br /> <br /> - Sử dụng li&ecirc;n từ ở giữa c&aacute;c mệnh đề độc lập<br /> <br /> - Sử dụng dấu chấm phẩy ở giữa c&aacute;c mệnh đề độc lập<br /> <br /> - Sử dụng dấu hai chấm trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt (rất hạn chế)<br /> <br /> <strong>COMPLEX SENTENCES (C&Acirc;U PHỨC)</strong><br /> <em><strong>KH&Aacute;I NIỆM</strong></em><br /> <br /> C&acirc;u phức l&agrave; c&acirc;u được d&ugrave;ng để mi&ecirc;u tả một hay nhiều&nbsp;&nbsp;sự vật, hiện tượng v&agrave; thường gồm c&oacute; nhiều hơn một động từ trong c&acirc;u. <p>Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy c&acirc;u phức thường chứa một mệnh đề phụ thuộc v&agrave; &iacute;t nhất&nbsp;&nbsp;một mệnh đề độc lập. Trong đ&oacute; c&aacute;c mệnh đề được nối với nhau bởi c&aacute;c li&ecirc;n&nbsp;&nbsp;từ phụ thuộc như&nbsp;&nbsp;which, who, although, despite, if, since, vv... Hầu&nbsp;&nbsp;hết những c&acirc;u ch&uacute;ng ta d&ugrave;ng trong những b&agrave;i viết hoặc b&agrave;i ph&aacute;t biểu d&agrave;i&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave; c&acirc;u phức. <br /> <br /> </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">My daughter, who was late for class, arrived shortly after the bell rang.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">That's the man who bought our house.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Although it was difficult, the class passed the test with excellent marks.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (George Eliot, <em>Adam Bede</em>)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;When we remember we are all mad, the mysteries disappear and life stands explained.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Mark Twain)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Courage is rightly esteemed the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees all others.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Winston Churchill)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Although volume upon volume is written to prove slavery a very&nbsp;&nbsp; good thing, we never hear of the man who wishes to take the good of it&nbsp;&nbsp; by being a slave himself.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Abraham Lincoln)&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Maturity is a bitter disappointment for which no remedy exists, unless laughter can be said to remedy anything.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;I think we ought to have as great a regard for religion as we can, so as to keep it out of as many things as possible.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Sean O'Casey, <em>The Plough and the Stars</em>)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> C&acirc;u phức l&agrave; loại c&acirc;u kh&aacute;c biệt hẳn so với những loại c&acirc;u c&ograve;n lại bởi&nbsp;&nbsp;ch&uacute;ng gi&uacute;p người đọc nhận r&otilde; trong c&acirc;u &yacute; n&agrave;o l&agrave; quan trọng nhất. Khi c&aacute;c&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn viết:<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>&quot;My friend invited me to a party.&nbsp;&nbsp;I do not want to go.&quot;</em> (2 c&acirc;u đơn)<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; hoặc một c&acirc;u gh&eacute;p: <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>&quot;My friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go.&quot;</em><br /> bạn sẽ khiến người đọc&nbsp;&nbsp;gặp rắc rối trong việc nhận biết phần th&ocirc;ng tin n&agrave;o l&agrave; quan trọng đối với bạn. <br /> <br /> Tuy nhi&ecirc;n nếu bạn th&ecirc;m li&ecirc;n từ &quot;although&quot; v&agrave;o vế đầu ti&ecirc;n để biến c&acirc;u đ&oacute; th&agrave;nh c&acirc;u phức: <br /> <em>&quot;Although my friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go.&quot;</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;người đọc c&oacute; thể dễ d&agrave;ng nhận biết rằng việc bạn được mời kh&ocirc;ng quan trọng bằng việc bạn kh&ocirc;ng muốn đi.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh 2: </strong>Trong số những c&acirc;u dưới đ&acirc;y, c&aacute;c&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn h&atilde;y cho biết c&acirc;u n&agrave;o l&agrave; c&acirc;u gh&eacute;p, c&acirc;u n&agrave;o l&agrave; c&acirc;u phức. Nếu l&agrave; c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;gh&eacute;p bạn h&atilde;y điền chữ CG v&agrave;o &ocirc; b&ecirc;n phải c&ograve;n nếu l&agrave; c&acirc;u phức bạn h&atilde;y điền&nbsp;&nbsp;chữ CP.<br /> <br /> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="37" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="404" valign="top">Speak your latent conviction, and it shall be the universal sense; for the inmost in due time becomes the outmost.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="37">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">I no longer wish to meet a good I do not earn, for example, to find a pot of buried gold.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> Man does not stand in awe of man, nor is his&nbsp;&nbsp;genius admonished to stay&nbsp;&nbsp;at home, but it goes abroad to beg a cup of&nbsp;&nbsp;water of the urns of other&nbsp;&nbsp;men.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> In your metaphysics you have denied personality to&nbsp;&nbsp;the Deity, yet when&nbsp;&nbsp;the devout motions of the soul come, yield to them&nbsp;&nbsp;heart and life.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May; that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">We denote the primary wisdom as intuition, whilst all later teachings are tuitions.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Whilst the world is thus dual, so is every one of its parts.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">For everything you have missed, you have gained something else; and for everything you gain, you lose something.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">However some may think him wanting in zeal, the most fanatical can find no taint of apostasy in any measure of his.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">In this manner, from a happy yet often pensive&nbsp;&nbsp;child, he grew up to be&nbsp;&nbsp;a mild, quiet, unobtrusive boy, and sun-browned&nbsp;&nbsp;with labor in the&nbsp;&nbsp;fields, but with more intelligence than is seen in&nbsp;&nbsp;many lads from the&nbsp;&nbsp;schools.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /> <p> <strong>COMPOUND - COMPLEX SENTENCE (C&Acirc;U HỖN HỢP)</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em><strong>KH&Aacute;I NIỆM</strong></em></p> <p> C&acirc;u hỗn hợp l&agrave; một dạng đặc biệt của c&acirc;u gh&eacute;p. Bởi, thay v&igrave; li&ecirc;n kết&nbsp;&nbsp;hai c&acirc;u đơn lại với nhau, dạng c&acirc;u n&agrave;y thường li&ecirc;n kết hai c&acirc;u phức&nbsp;&nbsp;hoặc một c&acirc;u đơn, một c&acirc;u phức lại với nhau để tạo th&agrave;nh c&acirc;u hỗn hợp. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy, th&ocirc;ng thường c&acirc;u hỗn hợp c&oacute; &iacute;t nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc&nbsp;&nbsp;v&agrave; nhiều hơn một mệnh đề độc lập. Những mệnh đề n&agrave;y được li&ecirc;n kết với&nbsp;&nbsp;nhau bởi c&aacute;c li&ecirc;n từ độc lập như but, so, and, vv... v&agrave; li&ecirc;n từ phụ&nbsp;&nbsp;thuộc như who,&nbsp;&nbsp;because, although, vv... </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="56"><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="434">John, who briefly visited last month, won the prize, and he took a short vacation.<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Jack forgot his friend's birthday, so he sent him a card when he finally&nbsp;&nbsp;remembered. <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The report which Tom complied was presented to the board, but it was rejected because it was too complex. <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Those are my principles, and if you don't like them . . . well, I have others.&quot;<br /> (Groucho Marx)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Hatred, which could destroy so much, never failed to destroy the man who hated, and this was an immutable law.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (James Baldwin)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;The Druids used mistletoe in ceremonies of human sacrifice, but&nbsp;&nbsp; most of all the evergreen became a symbol of fertility because it&nbsp;&nbsp; flourished in winter when other plants withered.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; (Sian Ellis, &quot;England's Ancient 'Special Twig,'&quot; <em>British Heritage</em>, January 2001)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;I believe entertainment can aspire to be art, and can become art, but if you set out to make art you're an idiot.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Steve Martin)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;For in the end, freedom is a personal and lonely battle; and&nbsp;&nbsp;one&nbsp;&nbsp;faces down fears of today so that those of tomorrow might be&nbsp;&nbsp;engaged.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Alice Walker)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh 3:</strong> Những c&acirc;u sau đ&acirc;y l&agrave; loại c&acirc;u g&igrave;? Bạn h&atilde;y khoanh tr&ograve;n v&agrave;o phương &aacute;n đ&uacute;ng. Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n sẽ được đưa ra ở cuối b&agrave;i. <br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="42" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="33" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="411" valign="top"><strong>We took a taxi home after the theatre.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>The policeman was not impressed by your alibi.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>As soon as I heard the news, I rushed straight to the police.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>Amy watches football on television, but she never goes to a game.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong> If you give your details to our secretary, we will contact you when&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; we have a vacancy.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>The most popular&nbsp;&nbsp; sport in the world is soccer.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>People in ancient&nbsp;&nbsp; China and Japan had a form of soccer, and even Rome had a game that resembled&nbsp;&nbsp; soccer.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>The game as it is&nbsp;&nbsp; played today got its start in England.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>In the Middle Ages,&nbsp;&nbsp; whole towns played soccer on Shrove Tuesday.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>Goals were built at&nbsp;&nbsp; opposite ends of town, and hundreds of people who lived in those towns would&nbsp;&nbsp; play on each side.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">11.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>Such games&nbsp;&nbsp; resembled full-scale brawls.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">12.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>The first side to&nbsp;&nbsp; score a goal won was declared village champion.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">13.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>Then both sides&nbsp;&nbsp; tended to the wounded, and they didn&rsquo;t play again for a whole year.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">14.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>The rules of the&nbsp;&nbsp; game were written in the late 1800s at British boarding schools.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">15.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>Now, nearly every&nbsp;&nbsp; European country has a national soccer team, and the teams participate in&nbsp;&nbsp; international tournaments.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">16.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>For both rich and&nbsp;&nbsp; poor in Rome, public baths were a daily pleasure.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">17.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>The baths were&nbsp;&nbsp; somewhat similar to modern health clubs, although they had little equipment for&nbsp;&nbsp; exercising.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">18.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>Rome alone had 856&nbsp;&nbsp; baths; most of them were private.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">19.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><p><strong>Citizens who became&nbsp;&nbsp; rich were expected&nbsp;&nbsp;to build baths for their fellow citizens, and many generously&nbsp;&nbsp; built&nbsp;&nbsp;huge marble facilities.</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </p></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">20.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>For the equivalent&nbsp;&nbsp; of about a quarter-penny, any Roman could be massaged, scrubbed, and soaked in a&nbsp;&nbsp; public bath.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">21.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>First, bathers might&nbsp;&nbsp; exercise, and then they went to a hot, dry room to sweat.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">22.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>Next, they visited a&nbsp;&nbsp; hot, steamy room, and the final stage was a plunge into ice-cold water.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">23.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>After the citizens&nbsp;&nbsp; finished their baths,&nbsp;&nbsp;they would wrap themselves in towels and visit with&nbsp;&nbsp; friends or walk&nbsp;&nbsp;about the grounds.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">24.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>The serious-minded&nbsp;&nbsp; could browse through the bath&rsquo;s library.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">25.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"><strong>They also sat around&nbsp;&nbsp; and played chess and checkers in game rooms.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top"> C&acirc;u đơn </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u gh&eacute;p</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u phức</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">C&acirc;u tổng hợp</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>Đ&Aacute;P &Aacute;N</strong> <br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh 1</strong></p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="32">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="458">NV</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>TT</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ML</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CT</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CT</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>NV</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>TT</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ML</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>NV</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ML</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>11.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>TT</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>12.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>TT</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>13.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CT</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>14.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>NV</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>15.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ML</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh 2 </strong></p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="38">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="452">CG</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CP</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CP</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CP</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CG</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CP</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CP</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CG</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CP</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>CP</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh 3 </strong></p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500"><tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="40">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="450">a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>c</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>c</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>c</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>d</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>11.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>12.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>13.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>14.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>15.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>16.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>17.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>c</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>18.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>c</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>19.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>d</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>20.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>21.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>22.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>23.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>d</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>24.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>25.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td></tr></tbody></table><br/>Tags - <a href="http://hoctienganh.info/tag.php?tag=hocvietcoban" rel="tag">hocvietcoban</a>
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<link>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?519</link>
<title><![CDATA[Bài 13 - Sentence: Definition  Components (Câu: Định nghĩa  Thành phần câu)]]></title> 
<author>admin &lt;phamhongtu@gmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Học viết cơ bản]]></category>
<pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 16:23:56 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?519</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<p><strong>ĐỊNH NGHĨA </strong> <br /> <br /> C&acirc;u l&agrave; một từ hoặc nh&oacute;m từ diễn đạt trọn vẹn một &yacute;. Th&ocirc;ng thường c&acirc;u gồm&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; hai th&agrave;nh phần ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; chủ ngữ v&agrave; vị ngữ. Chữ c&aacute;i đầu ti&ecirc;n của c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;sẽ được viết hoa v&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;dấu chấm c&acirc;u, dấu chấm hỏi hoặc dấu chấm than sẽ&nbsp;&nbsp; được đặt ở cuối c&acirc;u. <br /> <br /> </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>V&Iacute; DỤ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="60">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="430"><em>&quot;Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.&quot;</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Mark Twain)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;<em>But what is the difference between literature and journalism?</em> Journalism is unreadable and literature is not read. That is all.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Oscar Wilde)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;<em>Be careful about reading health books.</em> You may die of a misprint.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Mark Twain)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;To die for an idea; it is unquestionably noble. <em>But how much nobler it would be if men died for ideas that were true!</em>&quot;<br /> (H. L. Mencken)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="2"><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>NHỮNG LỜI Đ&Aacute;NH GI&Aacute; VỀ C&Acirc;U </strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Pithy <strong>sentences</strong> are like sharp nails which force truth upon our memory.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Denis Diderot)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Những c&acirc;u s&uacute;c t&iacute;ch giống như&nbsp;&nbsp;m&oacute;ng vuốt sắc b&eacute;n gi&uacute;p lưu giữ th&ocirc;ng tin v&agrave;o trong tr&iacute; nhớ của ch&uacute;ng ta.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Denis Diderot)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;Must you write complete <strong>sentences</strong> each time, every time? Perish the thought.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Stephen King)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>C&oacute; phải l&uacute;c n&agrave;o bạn cũng phải viết những c&acirc;u đầy đủ, ho&agrave;n chỉnh? H&atilde;y bỏ lối suy nghĩ đ&oacute; đi.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Stephen King)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;A <strong>sentence</strong> should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no&nbsp;&nbsp;unnecessary sentences.&quot;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> (William Strunk and E.B. White, <em>The Elements of Style</em>)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Một c&acirc;u kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n chứa những từ kh&ocirc;ng cần thiết, một đoạn kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n c&oacute; những c&acirc;u kh&ocirc;ng cần thiết.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (William Strunk and E.B. White, <em>The Elements of Style</em>)<br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>TH&Agrave;NH PHẦN C&Acirc;U <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>DẤU C&Acirc;U</em> </strong><br /> Dưới đ&acirc;y l&agrave; những dấu thường được sử dụng trong c&acirc;u. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n v&igrave; phần&nbsp;&nbsp;n&agrave;y đ&atilde; được tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y rất kỹ trong phần&nbsp;&nbsp;trước n&ecirc;n b&agrave;i giảng h&ocirc;m nay chỉ giới thiệu sơ lược cho c&aacute;c bạn&nbsp;&nbsp;những&nbsp;&nbsp;dấu c&acirc;u phổ biến. Nếu c&aacute;c bạn muốn t&igrave;m hiểu th&ecirc;m h&atilde;y click v&agrave;o t&ecirc;n loại&nbsp;&nbsp;dấu trong bảng ở cuối phần. <em><br /> <br /> <strong>Dấu chấm c&acirc;u </strong></em><br /> Dấu chấm c&acirc;u được d&ugrave;ng để kết th&uacute;c c&acirc;u hoặc đứng sau những phần viết tắt.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="58"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="432">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>B.C. is the province located on the West Coast. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <em><strong>Dấu chấm hỏi </strong></em><br /> Dấu chấm hỏi được d&ugrave;ng để kết th&uacute;c&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u nghi vấn.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="58"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="432">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>How many provinces are there in Canada?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <em><strong>Dấu chấm than </strong></em><br /> Dấu chấm than được d&ugrave;ng để kết th&uacute;c c&acirc;u cảm th&aacute;n nhằm bộc lộ&nbsp;&nbsp;sự ngạc nhi&ecirc;n, vui sướng.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="58"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="432">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>We won the Stanley Cup!</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <em><strong>Dấu phẩy </strong></em><br /> Dấu phẩy được d&ugrave;ng để chỉ những đoạn ngắt trong c&acirc;u v&agrave; d&ugrave;ng để liệt k&ecirc;. <br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="58"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="432">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <em><strong>Dấu lược </strong></em><br /> Dấu lược được d&ugrave;ng để chỉ sự sở hữu v&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;những từ đ&atilde; bị lược bỏ.<br /> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="58"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="432">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>This is David's computer. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I don't know how to fix it.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <strong><br /> <em>Dấu ngoặc k&eacute;p </em></strong><br /> Dấu ngoặc k&eacute;p được d&ugrave;ng để chỉ phần tr&iacute;ch dẫn trực tiếp.<br /> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="58"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="432">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&quot;I can come today,&quot; she said, &quot;but not tomorrow.&quot;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <em><strong>Dấu hai chấm </strong></em><br /> Dấu hai chấm được d&ugrave;ng để giới thiệu một chuỗi hoặc một đoạn tr&iacute;ch dẫn d&agrave;i.<br /> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="58"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="432">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <em><strong>Dấu gạch ngang </strong></em><br /> Dấu gạch ngang được d&ugrave;ng trước v&agrave; sau một cụm từ hoặc một chuỗi c&aacute;c từ&nbsp;&nbsp;đứng ở giữa c&acirc;u để bổ sung th&ocirc;ng tin cho c&acirc;u. Ngo&agrave;i ra n&oacute; c&ograve;n được d&ugrave;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;để chỉ sự ngắt qu&atilde;ng khi n&oacute;i.<br /> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="58"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="432">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The woman said, &quot;I want to ask - &quot; when the earthquake began to shake the room.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <em><strong>Dấu nối </strong></em><br /> Dấu nối được d&ugrave;ng để li&ecirc;n kết hai từ, để nối tiền tố với từ v&agrave; d&ugrave;ng khi viết số.<br /> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="58"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong> </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="432">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>sweet-smelling </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>non-contact</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>twenty-three </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>Bảng liệt k&ecirc; dấu c&acirc;u </strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="170">Dấu chấm c&acirc;u </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="105"><strong>. </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="188">BASIC, Lesson 2 </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Dấu chấm hỏi </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>?</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>BASIC, Lesson 2</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Dấu chấm than </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>!</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>BASIC, Lesson 2</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Dấu phẩy </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>,</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>BASIC, Lesson 4,5 </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Dấu lược </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>'</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>BASIC, Lesson 7 </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Dấu ngoặc k&eacute;p </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>&quot;</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>BASIC, Lesson 8 </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Dấu hai chấm </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>:</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>BASIC, Lesson 6 </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Dấu gạch ngang </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>&mdash;</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>BASIC, Lesson 7 </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Dấu nối </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>-</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>BASIC, Lesson 9 </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <em><strong><br /> DANH TỪ </strong></em><br /> <strong>Kh&aacute;i niệm</strong> <br /> Danh từ l&agrave; từ chỉ người, địa điểm, sự vật hiện tượng hoặc &yacute; kiến n&agrave;o đ&oacute;.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tất cả c&aacute;c c&acirc;u đều cần c&oacute; danh từ đ&oacute;ng vai tr&ograve; l&agrave;m chủ ngữ.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="62"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="428">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The <strong>bear</strong> sleeps.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Toronto</strong> is a <strong>city</strong>.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>C&aacute;c loại của danh từ</strong> <br /> <em><strong>Danh từ ri&ecirc;ng</strong></em><br /> Danh từ ri&ecirc;ng l&agrave; danh từ để chỉ t&ecirc;n ri&ecirc;ng của người, địa điểm hoặc t&ecirc;n vật. Danh từ ri&ecirc;ng lu&ocirc;n được viết hoa. <br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="62"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="428">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Toronto</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Mr. Brown</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Sally</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <em><br /> <strong>Danh từ chung</strong></em><br /> Danh từ chung l&agrave; tất cả những danh từ&nbsp;&nbsp;kh&ocirc;ng phải l&agrave; danh từ ri&ecirc;ng. Danh từ chung kh&ocirc;ng được viết hoa.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="62"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="428">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>the <strong>city</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a <strong>leader</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>this <strong>woman</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>C&aacute;c dạng của danh từ</strong><br /> <em><strong>Danh từ số nhiều</strong></em><br /> Danh từ số nhiều l&agrave; danh từ để chỉ nhiều hơn một vật. Danh từ số nhiều thường được th&ecirc;m <em>s</em> hoặc <em>es</em> ở đằng sau.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="62"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="428">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>one <strong>week</strong>, two <strong>weeks</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a <strong>house</strong>, many <strong>houses</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>one <strong>box</strong>, two <strong>boxes</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <em><strong>Danh từ sở hữu </strong></em><br /> Danh từ sở hữu l&agrave; danh từ chỉ quyền sở hữu hoặc để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ kh&aacute;c.&nbsp;&nbsp;Danh từ sở hữu thường được th&ecirc;m <em>'s</em> ở sau. <br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="62"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="428">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>the <strong>player's</strong> equipment</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>the <strong>woman's</strong> job</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Canada's</strong> government</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<p><strong> B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh: </strong>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đọc đoạn văn dưới đ&acirc;y rồi gạch ch&acirc;n những từ bạn cho l&agrave; danh từ. Sau đ&oacute; bạn h&atilde;y kiểm tra đ&aacute;p &aacute;n ở cột b&ecirc;n cạnh.</p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="240" align="center" valign="top"><strong>B&agrave;i tập </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="20" align="center">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="226" align="center"><strong>Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td valign="top"><p>Francis Macomber had, half an hour before, been&nbsp;&nbsp;carried to his tent from the edge of the camp in triumph on the arms&nbsp;&nbsp;and shoulders of the cook, the personal boys, the skinner and the&nbsp;&nbsp;porters. The gun-bearers had taken no part in the demonstration. </p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p>When the native boys put him down at the door of his tent, he had&nbsp;&nbsp;shaken all their hands, received their congratulations, and then gone&nbsp;&nbsp;into the tent and sat on the bed until his wife came in. She did not&nbsp;&nbsp;speak to him when she came in and he left the tent at once to wash his&nbsp;&nbsp;face and hands in the portable wash basin outside and go over to the&nbsp;&nbsp;dining tent to sit in a comfortable canvas chair in the breeze and the&nbsp;&nbsp;shade. </p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td valign="top"><u><strong>Francis Macomber</strong></u> had, <u><strong>half</strong></u> an <u><strong>hour</strong></u> before, been carried to his <u><strong>tent</strong></u> from the <u><strong>edge</strong></u> of the <u><strong>camp</strong></u> in <u><strong>triumph</strong></u> on the <u><strong>arms</strong></u> and <u><strong>shoulders</strong></u> of the <u><strong>cook</strong></u>, the personal <u><strong>boys</strong></u>, the <u><strong>skinner</strong></u> and the <u><strong>porters</strong></u>. The <u><strong>gun-bearers</strong></u> had taken no <u><strong>part</strong></u> in the <u><strong>demonstration</strong></u>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p>When the native <u><strong>boys</strong></u> put him down at the <u><strong>door</strong></u> of his <u><strong>tent</strong></u>, he had shaken all their <u><strong>hands</strong></u>, received their <u><strong>congratulations</strong></u>, and then gone into the <u><strong>tent</strong></u> and sat on the <u><strong>bed</strong></u> until his <u><strong>wife</strong></u> came in. She did not speak to him when she came in and he left the <u><strong>tent</strong></u> at once to wash his <u><strong>face</strong></u> and <u><strong>hands</strong></u> in the portable wash <u><strong>basin</strong></u> outside and go over to the dining <u><strong>tent</strong></u> to sit in a comfortable canvas <u><strong>chair</strong></u> in the <u><strong>breeze</strong></u> and the <u><strong>shade</strong></u>. </p></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<p><em><strong>ĐỘNG TỪ</strong></em> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Kh&aacute;i niệm</strong> <br /> Động từ l&agrave; những từ được d&ugrave;ng để chỉ h&agrave;nh động. Tất cả c&aacute;c c&acirc;u đều phải c&oacute; động từ để diễn tả hoặc giải th&iacute;ch chủ ngữ.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="62"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="428">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The bear <em>sleeps.</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Toronto <em>is</em> a city.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>Lưu &yacute;:<br /> </strong>Động từ v&agrave; chủ ngữ trong c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;cần phải h&ograve;a hợp với nhau. V&igrave; vậy khi viết c&acirc;u c&aacute;c bạn nhớ chia động từ&nbsp;&nbsp;cho ph&ugrave; hợp với chủ ngữ. Th&igrave; của động từ gi&uacute;p c&aacute;c bạn nhận biết được&nbsp;&nbsp;thời điểm h&agrave;nh động diễn ra v&igrave; vậy khi viết c&acirc;u c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y lưu &yacute; xem đ&atilde;&nbsp;&nbsp;chia động từ ở&nbsp;&nbsp;đ&uacute;ng th&igrave; hay chưa. <br /> <br /> <em><strong> T&Iacute;NH TỪ&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></em><br /> <strong>Kh&aacute;i niệm</strong> <br /> T&iacute;nh từ l&agrave; từ được d&ugrave;ng để mi&ecirc;u tả hoặc bổ sung cho danh từ. Ch&uacute;ng đưa&nbsp;&nbsp; cho người đọc th&ecirc;m th&ocirc;ng tin về danh từ đ&oacute;. Sử dụng t&iacute;nh từ sẽ gi&uacute;p b&agrave;i&nbsp;&nbsp;viết của c&aacute;c bạn hay v&agrave; th&uacute; vị hơn.<strong><br /> <br /> </strong> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="62"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="428">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> a <strong>good</strong> essay</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>the <strong>intelligent</strong> student</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>our <strong>hard-working</strong> leader</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> Một v&agrave;i t&iacute;nh từ c&ograve;n được d&ugrave;ng để so s&aacute;nh những sự vật, sự việc kh&aacute;c nhau. <br /> <br /> <table border="0">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="62"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="428">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Vancouver is <strong>cold</strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Toronto is <strong>colder</strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Winnipeg is <strong>coldest</strong>.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>This book is <strong>good</strong>. That book is <strong>better</strong>. My book is the <strong>best</strong>.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh:</strong> C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y đọc đoạn văn dưới đ&acirc;y rồi gạch ch&acirc;n những từ bạn nghĩ l&agrave; danh từ. Sau đ&oacute; bạn h&atilde;y kiểm tra đ&aacute;p &aacute;n ở cột b&ecirc;n cạnh.<br /> <br /> <table border="0">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="center" valign="top"><strong>B&agrave;i tập </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="center"><strong>Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">And he hastened straight down, running over the&nbsp;&nbsp;wet, soddened fields, pushing through the hedges, down into the&nbsp;&nbsp;depression of callous, wintry obscurity. It took him several minutes to&nbsp;&nbsp;come to the pond. He stood on the bank, breathing heavily.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p>He could see nothing. His eyes seemed to penetrate the dead water.&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, perhaps that was the dark shadow of her black clothing beneath the&nbsp;&nbsp;surface of the water.</p><p><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp; He slowly ventured into the pond. The bottom was deep, soft clay, then&nbsp;&nbsp;he sank in, and the water clasped . . . his legs. As he stirred he could&nbsp;&nbsp;smell the cold, rotten clay that fouled up into the water. It was&nbsp;&nbsp;objectionable in his lungs.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Still, repelled and yet not heeding, he moved deeper into the&nbsp;&nbsp;pond. The cold water rose over his thighs, over his loins, upon his&nbsp;&nbsp;abdomen. The lower part of his body was all sunk in the hideous cold&nbsp;&nbsp;element. And the bottom was so deeply soft and uncertain, he was afraid&nbsp;&nbsp;of pitching with his mouth underneath. He could not swim, and was&nbsp;&nbsp;afraid.</p></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="20">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">And he hastened straight down, <u><strong>running</strong></u> over the <u><strong>wet</strong></u>, <u><strong>soddened</strong></u> fields, <u><strong>pushing</strong></u> through the hedges, down into the depression of <u><strong>callous</strong></u>, <u><strong>wintry</strong></u> obscurity. It took him <u><strong>several</strong></u> minutes to come to the pond. He stood on the bank, <u><strong>breathing</strong></u> heavily.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p>He could see nothing. His eyes seemed to penetrate the <u><strong>dead</strong></u> water. Yes, perhaps that was the <u><strong>dark</strong></u> shadow of her <u><strong>black</strong></u> clothing beneath the surface of the water.</p> &nbsp;&nbsp;<p><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He slowly ventured into the pond. The bottom was <u><strong>deep</strong></u>, <u><strong>soft</strong></u> clay, then he sank in, and the water clasped . . . his legs. As he stirred he could smell the <u><strong>cold</strong></u>, <u><strong>rotten</strong></u> clay that fouled up into the water. It was <u><strong>objectionable</strong></u> in his lungs.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> &nbsp;&nbsp;<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Still, <u><strong>repelled</strong></u> and yet not <u><strong>heeding</strong></u>, he moved deeper into the pond. The <u><strong>cold</strong></u> water rose over his thighs, over his loins, upon his abdomen. The <u><strong>lower</strong></u> part of his body was all <u><strong>sunk</strong></u> in the <u><strong>hideous</strong></u> <u><strong>cold</strong></u> element. And the bottom was so deeply <u><strong>soft</strong></u> and <u><strong>uncertain</strong></u>, he was <u><strong>afraid</strong></u> of pitching with his mouth underneath. He could not swim, and was <u><strong>afraid</strong></u>. <br /></p></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <strong><br /> TRẠNG TỪ</strong><br /> <strong>Kh&aacute;i niệm</strong><br /> Trạng từ l&agrave; những từ được d&ugrave;ng để mi&ecirc;u tả h&agrave;nh động.&nbsp;&nbsp;Trạng từ đưa th&ecirc;m&nbsp;&nbsp;th&ocirc;ng tin về thời điểm, c&aacute;ch thức v&agrave; địa điểm của h&agrave;nh động. D&ugrave;ng th&ecirc;m&nbsp;&nbsp;trạng từ sẽ gi&uacute;p b&agrave;i viết của c&aacute;c bạn ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c v&agrave; th&uacute; vị hơn. <br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="62"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="428">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>She spoke <strong>yesterday</strong>. (thời điểm) </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>She spoke <strong>quickly</strong>. (c&aacute;ch thức) </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>She spoke <strong>here</strong>. (địa điểm)</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> Một v&agrave;i trạng từ được d&ugrave;ng để so s&aacute;nh những h&agrave;nh động kh&aacute;c nhau.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="62"><strong>V&iacute; dụ</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="428">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I can run <strong>fast</strong>. She can run <strong>faster</strong>. He can run the <strong>fastest</strong>.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I spoke <strong>well</strong>. She spoke <strong>better</strong>. He spoke the <strong>best</strong>.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><em><strong>GIỚI TỪ</strong></em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Kh&aacute;i niệm</strong> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Giới từ l&agrave; những từ được d&ugrave;ng trước danh từ để đưa th&ecirc;m th&ocirc;ng tin cho&nbsp;&nbsp;c&acirc;u. Th&ocirc;ng thường giới từ được d&ugrave;ng để chỉ địa điểm v&agrave; thời gian.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Bảng tổng kết giới từ&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Giới từ được d&ugrave;ng để chỉ:</p> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="68" valign="top"><strong>Location</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="95" valign="top"><strong>Địa điểm </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="52" valign="top"><strong>Time</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="82" valign="top"><strong>Thời gian </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="73" valign="top"><strong>Action and Movement</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="90" valign="top"><strong>H&agrave;nh động </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">above</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ở tr&ecirc;n </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>at</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>v&agrave;o l&uacute;c </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>at</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>đang</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">below</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ở dưới </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>on</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>v&agrave;o khi </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>by</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ngang qua, dọc theo </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">over</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ở tr&ecirc;n </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>by</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>v&agrave;o l&uacute;c </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>from</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>t&aacute;ch khỏi, c&aacute;ch </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">under</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ở dưới </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>before</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>trước l&uacute;c </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>into</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>v&agrave;o trong </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">among</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ở giữa (từ 2 vật trở l&ecirc;n) </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>from</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>từ l&uacute;c </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>on</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>v&agrave;o</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">between</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ở giữa (2 vật) </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>since</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>từ l&uacute;c </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>onto</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>l&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">beside</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b&ecirc;n cạnh </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>for</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>trong</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>off</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ra khỏi, rời </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">in front of </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>đằng trước </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>during</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>trong khi </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>out of </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ra khỏi </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">behind</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>đằng sau </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>to</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>cho đến </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">next to </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b&ecirc;n cạnh </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>until</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>cho đến</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">in the middle of </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>ở giữa </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>after</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>sau khi </td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">on</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>tr&ecirc;n</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">in</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>trong</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">at</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>tại</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="3"><strong>V&iacute; dụ<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="33" width="44">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="14" width="73"><strong>Giới từ chỉ địa điểm </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="369">Ontario is located <strong>above</strong> Lake Ontario.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The floor is <strong>below</strong> us.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The plane flew <strong>over</strong> the airport.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Polar bears can swim <strong>under</strong> water.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>We are <strong>among</strong> friends.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I am sitting <strong>between</strong> my brother and sister.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I am sitting <strong>beside</strong> my brother.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I am sitting <strong>in front of</strong> my sister.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I am sitting <strong>behind</strong> my brother.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I am sitting <strong>next to</strong> my sister.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Winnipeg is located <strong>in the middle of</strong> the country.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will go <strong>on</strong> an airplane.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Most of Canada's manufacturing is located <strong>in</strong> Ontario and Quebec.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The book is <strong>at</strong> the library.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="11"><strong>Giới từ chỉ thời gian </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I arrived <strong>at</strong> six o' clock.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I arrive <strong>on</strong> Thursday.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will arrive <strong>by</strong> six o'clock.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will arrive <strong>before</strong> six o'clock.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will be here <strong>from</strong> Thursday to Friday.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I have been here <strong>since</strong> Thursday. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I am here <strong>for</strong> two days.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will be here <strong>during</strong> Thursday&nbsp;&nbsp;and Friday.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will be here from Thursday <strong>to</strong> Friday.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will be here <strong>until</strong> Friday.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will leave <strong>after</strong> Friday.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td rowspan="8"><strong>Giới từ chỉ h&agrave;nh động </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will arrive <strong>at</strong> the airport.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I arrive <strong>by</strong> airplane.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will arrive <strong>from</strong> Toronto.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will go <strong>into</strong> the airplane.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will go <strong>on</strong> an airplane.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The cat climbed <strong>onto</strong> the roof.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will get <strong>off</strong> the airplane.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will get <strong>out of</strong> the airplane.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh:</strong> C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y chỉ ra loại từ của những phần gạch ch&acirc;n dưới đ&acirc;y<br /> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="23" align="left" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="28" align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="435" align="left" valign="top"><p><strong>Mary <u>is</u> extraordinarily happy</strong>.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </p></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">trạng từ</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">t&iacute;nh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">danh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">động từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"><strong>My dog is <u>black</u>.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">giới từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">t&iacute;nh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">đại từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">động từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"><strong>You may pick up your exams <u>after</u> I have finished grading them.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">trạng từ</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">giới từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">danh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">động từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"><strong><u>Although</u> she is from Texas, she doesn't sound or act like it.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">trạng từ</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">t&iacute;nh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">danh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kh&ocirc;ng thuộc trong số những loại từ kể tr&ecirc;n</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"><strong> Please place all dogs <u>on</u> leash.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">trạng từ</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">danh từ</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"> giới từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">đại từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"><strong>The <u>yellow</u> dog slept on the porch.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">t&iacute;nh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">li&ecirc;n từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">danh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">trạng từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"><strong>I talked to <u>myself.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </u></strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">trạng từ</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">t&iacute;nh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">danh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">kh&ocirc;ng thuộc trong số những loại từ kể tr&ecirc;n</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"><strong>I <u>would</u> like to spend the summer writing.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">trạng từ</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">t&iacute;nh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">động từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">danh từ</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"><strong>His parents are poor <u>but</u> honest.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">trạng từ</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">t&iacute;nh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">danh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">kh&ocirc;ng thuộc trong số những loại từ kể tr&ecirc;n</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top"><strong>Mary <u>was</u> walking her dog.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">a.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">động từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">b.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">t&iacute;nh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">c.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">danh từ </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">d.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align="left" valign="top">trạng từ</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n</strong></p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500"><tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="38">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="452">d</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>b</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>d</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>c</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>d</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>c</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>d</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>a</td></tr></tbody></table><br/>Tags - <a href="http://hoctienganh.info/tag.php?tag=hocvietcoban" rel="tag">hocvietcoban</a>
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</description>
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<link>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?518</link>
<title><![CDATA[Bài 12 - How To Prepare for a Test (Chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi như thế nào?)]]></title> 
<author>admin &lt;phamhongtu@gmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Học viết cơ bản]]></category>
<pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 16:21:57 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?518</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<p>Trước ti&ecirc;n c&aacute;c bạn n&ecirc;n biết rằng một b&agrave;i kiểm tra tr&igrave;nh độ kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;g&igrave; đ&aacute;ng sợ cả. V&igrave; vậy thay v&igrave; lo lắng về b&agrave;i thi bạn h&atilde;y nghĩ tới những&nbsp;&nbsp;điều t&iacute;ch cực, điều đ&oacute; sẽ gi&uacute;p bạn l&agrave;m b&agrave;i tốt hơn. <br /></p><p><img class="insertimage" src="attachment.php?fid=38" border="0" width="226" height="153" /></p> <p></p><p>Sau đ&acirc;y c&aacute;c bạn sẽ được giới thiệu một số mẹo để gi&uacute;p bạn vượt qua sợ&nbsp;&nbsp;lo lắng hay sử dụng thời gian một c&aacute;ch hợp l&yacute; v&agrave; tr&aacute;nh mắc lỗi khi thi.&nbsp;&nbsp; </p> <p>Ngo&agrave;i ra c&aacute;c bạn c&ograve;n c&oacute; thể t&igrave;m thấy những kế hoạch để chuẩn bị cho&nbsp;&nbsp;b&agrave;i thi, cho ng&agrave;y thi v&agrave; một số gợi &yacute; về những hoạt động n&ecirc;n tham gia&nbsp;&nbsp;sau ng&agrave;y thi.<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Combating Test&nbsp;&nbsp; Anxiety (Vượt qua sự lo lắng về thi cử)</strong><br /> Nếu bạn biết bạn mong chờ điều g&igrave; v&agrave; đ&atilde; chuẩn bị được g&igrave; cho kỳ thi th&igrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn sẽ kh&ocirc;ng thấy sợ h&atilde;i. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; vậy thực h&agrave;nh v&agrave; chuẩn bị kỹ c&agrave;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;yếu tố quyết định để gi&uacute;p bạn thi tốt.<br /> <br /> <strong><em>Take the Test One&nbsp;&nbsp; Question at a Time</em></strong> <em><strong>(Chỉ tập trung v&agrave;o l&agrave;m một c&acirc;u) </strong></em><br /> Bạn h&atilde;y tập trung ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n v&agrave;o c&acirc;u hỏi m&agrave; m&igrave;nh đang trả lời, kh&ocirc;ng nghĩ đến c&acirc;u bạn vừa l&agrave;m hoặc lo lắng cho c&acirc;u tiếp theo.<br /> <br /> <strong><em>Develop a Positive&nbsp;&nbsp; Attitude</em> <em>(Ph&aacute;t huy th&aacute;i độ t&iacute;ch cực)</em></strong> <br /> Bạn h&atilde;y nhắc lại với ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh rằng bạn đ&atilde; chuẩn bị tốt cho b&agrave;i thi v&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn sẽ l&agrave;m thật tốt. Điều đ&oacute; sẽ gi&uacute;p &iacute;ch cho bạn rất nhiều. <br /> <br /> <strong><em>If You Lose Your&nbsp;&nbsp; Concentration (Nếu bạn mất tập trung)</em></strong> <br /> Trước ti&ecirc;n bạn kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n lo lắng v&igrave; đ&oacute; l&agrave; điều b&igrave;nh thường c&oacute; thể xảy ra&nbsp;&nbsp;với bất kỳ ai. Với một b&agrave;i thi d&agrave;i d&ugrave; bạn c&oacute; muốn hay kh&ocirc;ng n&atilde;o của bạn&nbsp;&nbsp;cũng cần phải c&oacute; một ch&uacute;t thời gian (v&agrave;i gi&acirc;y) để nghỉ ngơi. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;vậy khi bạn thấy mất tập trung bạn h&atilde;y bỏ b&uacute;t xuống, nhắm mắt lại, thở&nbsp;&nbsp;s&acirc;u v&agrave; lắng nghe nhịp thở của m&igrave;nh.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>Chỉ cần 10 gi&acirc;y l&agrave; n&atilde;o của bạn đ&atilde; được thư gi&atilde;n v&agrave; c&oacute; thể quay trở&nbsp;&nbsp;lại l&agrave;m việc b&igrave;nh thường. Bạn h&atilde;y thử l&agrave;m c&aacute;ch n&agrave;y khi bạn cảm thấy&nbsp;&nbsp;stress bởi c&agrave;ng thực h&agrave;nh nhiều th&igrave; bạn c&agrave;ng &aacute;p dụng dễ d&agrave;ng khi l&agrave;m b&agrave;i&nbsp;&nbsp;thi. <br /> <br /> <strong><em>If you Freeze Before or&nbsp;&nbsp; During the Test</em></strong> <em><strong>(Nếu bạn gặp c&acirc;u kh&oacute; trước khi bắt đầu l&agrave;m b&agrave;i hoặc trong&nbsp;&nbsp;khi thi) </strong></em><br /> Bạn đừng lo lắng về c&acirc;u hỏi m&agrave; bạn thấy b&iacute;. H&atilde;y đ&aacute;nh dấu lại v&agrave; lập tức&nbsp;&nbsp;chuyển sang c&acirc;u kh&aacute;c. Cố gắng tập trung v&agrave;o c&acirc;u bạn đang l&agrave;m, kh&ocirc;ng bận&nbsp;&nbsp;t&acirc;m đến c&acirc;u kh&oacute; đ&oacute; nữa cho tới khi bạn quay trở lại l&agrave;m c&acirc;u đ&oacute;.<br /> <br /> Nếu bạn gặp phải vấn đề trước khi bắt đầu l&agrave;m b&agrave;i th&igrave; đ&acirc;y l&agrave; một số mẹo để gi&uacute;p bạn: <br /> <br /> </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="29">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="461">Bạn h&atilde;y bỏ ra một ch&uacute;t thời gian nh&igrave;n qua to&agrave;n bộ b&agrave;i. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>H&atilde;y đọc một v&agrave;i c&acirc;u hỏi. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Bạn h&atilde;y quyết định xem c&acirc;u n&agrave;o l&agrave; dễ nhất v&agrave; bắt tay v&agrave;o l&agrave;m c&acirc;u đ&oacute;.&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>Time Strategies (Chiến lược về thời gian)</strong> <br /> <br /> <em><strong>Pace&nbsp;&nbsp; Yourself (Bạn h&atilde;y đưa ra tốc độ cho m&igrave;nh)</strong></em> <br /> Điều quan trọng nhất trong chiến lược về thời gian l&agrave; đưa ra được tốc độ&nbsp;&nbsp;cho m&igrave;nh. Trước khi bắt đầu l&agrave;m b&agrave;i bạn h&atilde;y d&agrave;nh v&agrave;i ph&uacute;t để nh&igrave;n qua&nbsp;&nbsp;to&agrave;n b&agrave;i, ghi ch&uacute; những c&acirc;u dễ hơn v&agrave; dựa v&agrave;o khoảng thời gian bạn c&oacute; để&nbsp;&nbsp;quyết định tốc độ l&agrave;m b&agrave;i ph&ugrave; hợp.<br /> <br /> <strong><em>Keep&nbsp;&nbsp; Moving</em> <em>(L&agrave;m nhanh)</em></strong> <br /> Một khi bạn đ&atilde; bắt tay v&agrave;o l&agrave;m b&agrave;i th&igrave; h&atilde;y l&agrave;m nhanh. Nếu như bạn l&agrave;m&nbsp;&nbsp;chậm lại để mắc &iacute;t lỗi hơn th&igrave; n&atilde;o của bạn sẽ thấy ch&aacute;n v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng tập&nbsp;&nbsp;trung. L&uacute;c đ&oacute; bạn thậm ch&iacute; c&ograve;n mắc nhiều lỗi hơn.<br /> Khi bạn gặp một c&acirc;u hỏi kh&oacute; đừng dừng lại ở đ&oacute; m&agrave; h&atilde;y lập tức bỏ qua v&agrave; chuyển sang l&agrave;m c&acirc;u kh&aacute;c. <p>B&ecirc;n cạnh đ&oacute;, việc trả lời những c&acirc;u dễ trước sẽ gi&uacute;p bạn tự tin hơn v&agrave; l&agrave;m b&agrave;i một c&aacute;ch tr&ocirc;i chảy.<br /> <br /> <strong><em>Don't&nbsp;&nbsp; Rush</em> <em>(Kh&ocirc;ng vội v&atilde;)</em></strong> <br /> Bạn l&agrave;m b&agrave;i nhanh nhưng nhớ l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng được vội. Bởi vội v&atilde; sẽ l&agrave;m bạn&nbsp;&nbsp;qu&ecirc;n những điều quan trọng v&agrave; l&agrave;m ảnh hưởng đến kết quả b&agrave;i thi.<br /> <br /> <strong><em>Check&nbsp;&nbsp; Yourself</em> <em>(Kiểm tra lại)</em></strong> <br /> Bạn h&atilde;y kiểm tra lại khi l&agrave;m được nửa b&agrave;i. Nếu bạn mới chỉ l&agrave;m được &iacute;t&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn sẽ biết rằng m&igrave;nh sẽ chỉ c&ograve;n &iacute;t thời gian để l&agrave;m&nbsp;&nbsp;b&agrave;i. Nhưng cũng&nbsp;&nbsp;đừng vội m&agrave; h&atilde;y chọn những c&acirc;u dễ để l&agrave;m, bỏ qua những c&acirc;u kh&oacute; để tiết&nbsp;&nbsp;kiệm thời gian.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>Nếu bạn l&agrave;m được nhiều bạn&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; thể l&agrave;m chậm lại một ch&uacute;t nhưng chỉ&nbsp;&nbsp;trong trường hợp bạn cảm thấy thoải m&aacute;i khi l&agrave;m vậy. Nếu kh&ocirc;ng vẫn giữ&nbsp;&nbsp;tốc độ ban đầu v&agrave; d&agrave;nh thời gian thừa để xem lại b&agrave;i. <br /> <br /> <strong><em>Control&nbsp;&nbsp; Yourself (H&atilde;y kiểm so&aacute;t bản th&acirc;n)</em></strong> <br /> Nếu bạn cảm thấy căng thẳng hoặc lo lắng bạn h&atilde;y nghỉ v&agrave;i gi&acirc;y rồi mới&nbsp;&nbsp;tiếp tục l&agrave;m b&agrave;i. H&atilde;y thở s&acirc;u v&agrave; tự n&oacute;i với m&igrave;nh những c&acirc;u&nbsp;&nbsp;lạc quan. Đ&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave; c&aacute;ch tốt nhất để gi&uacute;p bạn thư gi&atilde;n v&agrave; tập trung trở lại.<br /> <br /> <strong><em>Directions</em> <em>(Chỉ dẫn)</em></strong> <br /> Bạn h&atilde;y đọc kỹ chỉ dẫn, y&ecirc;u cầu của b&agrave;i. Nếu kh&ocirc;ng r&otilde; bạn h&atilde;y hỏi lại.&nbsp;&nbsp;V&agrave; lưu &yacute; về thời gian l&agrave;m b&agrave;i. Nếu bạn bỏ qua th&ocirc;ng tin quan trọng đ&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn kh&oacute; c&oacute; thể l&agrave;m tốt b&agrave;i thi.<br /> <br /> <strong><em>Answers</em> <em>(Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n)</em></strong> <br /> Bạn h&atilde;y nhớ viết đ&aacute;p &aacute;n đ&uacute;ng v&agrave;o nơi y&ecirc;u cầu. V&igrave; nếu viết sai bạn sẽ mất điểm kh&ocirc;ng đ&aacute;ng c&oacute;. <br /> <br /> <strong><em>If you Finish&nbsp;&nbsp; Early</em> <em>(Nếu bạn l&agrave;m xong b&agrave;i sớm)</em></strong> <br /> Bạn h&atilde;y sử dụng khoảng thời gian đ&oacute; để kiểm tra lại b&agrave;i. Đầu ti&ecirc;n l&agrave; xem&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn đ&atilde; viết đ&uacute;ng chỗ y&ecirc;u cầu chưa. Nếu bạn tẩy x&oacute;a b&agrave;i th&igrave; h&atilde;y sửa lại&nbsp;&nbsp;cho sạch sẽ v&agrave; gọn g&agrave;ng.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>H&atilde;y kiểm tra những lỗi cơ bản trong b&agrave;i, đọc kỹ lại những phần kh&oacute; xem c&oacute; sai s&oacute;t g&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng.<br /> <br /> <strong>The Days before the Test (Ng&agrave;y trước khi thi)</strong><br /> <br /> <strong><em>Physical&nbsp;&nbsp; Activity</em> <em>(Tập thể dục)</em></strong><br /> Tập thể dục trước ng&agrave;y thi c&oacute; thể gi&uacute;p bạn tăng lưu lượng oxy l&ecirc;n n&atilde;o v&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave;m bạn minh mẫn, l&agrave;m b&agrave;i tốt hơn.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tuy nhi&ecirc;n bạn cũng phải tập thật&nbsp;&nbsp;điều độ.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>Kh&ocirc;ng tập qu&aacute; nhiều v&igrave; điều đ&oacute; sẽ khiến bạn kiệt sức, chỉ tập một ch&uacute;t để gi&uacute;p cơ thể v&agrave; bộ n&atilde;o của bạn hoạt động tốt hơn.<br /> <strong><em><br /> </em></strong><em><strong>Balanced&nbsp;&nbsp; Diet (Chế độ ăn uống c&acirc;n bằng)</strong></em> <br /> Cũng giống như cơ thể bạn, bộ n&atilde;o cũng cần phải được cung cấp đầy đủ&nbsp;&nbsp;dưỡng chất để c&oacute; thể hoạt động tốt. Trước ng&agrave;y thi bạn n&ecirc;n ăn nhiều rau&nbsp;&nbsp;quả v&agrave; những thức ăn gi&agrave;u lecithin như c&aacute; v&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp; hạt đậu.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>Chất lecithin gi&uacute;p n&atilde;o bạn l&agrave;m việc tốt hơn. Nếu kh&ocirc;ng bạn cũng c&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;thể tới hiệu thuốc v&agrave; mua một lọ lecithin vi&ecirc;n để uống v&agrave;i tuần trước&nbsp;&nbsp;khi thi.<br /> <br /> <strong><em>Rest (Thư gi&atilde;n)</em></strong> <br /> Bạn h&atilde;y ngủ đ&uacute;ng giờ v&agrave; ngủ đủ v&agrave;o buổi tối trước khi thi. Điều đ&oacute; sẽ&nbsp;&nbsp;gi&uacute;p bạn l&agrave;m b&agrave;i hiệu quả bởi n&atilde;o đ&atilde; được nghỉ ngơi, thư gian đ&uacute;ng mực.<br /> <br /> <em><strong>Trial Run (Đi thử)</strong></em> <br /> Trước ng&agrave;y thi bạn h&atilde;y đến thử địa điểm thi&nbsp;&nbsp;xem mất bao l&acirc;u. Sau đ&oacute; v&agrave;o&nbsp;&nbsp;ng&agrave;y thi bạn h&atilde;y cố gắng đến sớm 15 ph&uacute;t để c&oacute; thể thư gi&atilde;n v&agrave; ổn định&nbsp;&nbsp;chỗ ngồi<br /> .<br /> <strong>Test Day (Ng&agrave;y thi)</strong> <br /> <br /> Đ&acirc;y l&agrave; ng&agrave;y quan trọng n&ecirc;n bạn h&atilde;y đặt đồng hồ để dậy đ&uacute;ng giờ. Sau đ&oacute;&nbsp;&nbsp;h&atilde;y ăn s&aacute;ng, tr&aacute;nh những đồ ăn nhiều đường như b&aacute;nh r&aacute;n m&agrave; h&atilde;y ăn ngũ&nbsp;&nbsp;cốc hoặc b&aacute;nh mỳ nướng. Bạn nhớ chỉ n&ecirc;n ăn lượng vừa phải. Sau đ&oacute; h&atilde;y&nbsp;&nbsp;căn thời gian để c&oacute; thể đến địa điểm thi sớm 15 ph&uacute;t, nhớ h&atilde;y t&iacute;nh cả&nbsp;&nbsp;thời gian bạn kh&ocirc;ng may gặp sự cố như tắc đường.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>Đến nơi h&atilde;y t&igrave;m ph&ograve;ng thi v&agrave; nhanh ch&oacute;ng ổn định chỗ ngồi. Bạn cũng&nbsp;&nbsp;đừng qu&ecirc;n lời khuy&ecirc;n về việc thư gi&atilde;n v&agrave; h&iacute;t thở s&acirc;u trước khi l&agrave;m b&agrave;i.<br /> <br /> <strong>After the Test (Sau khi thi)</strong> <br /> <br /> Bạn h&atilde;y tổ chức một bữa tiệc nho nhỏ v&agrave; tham gia. Nếu&nbsp;&nbsp;mong chờ một bữa&nbsp;&nbsp;tiệc sau khi thi bạn sẽ thấy dễ d&agrave;ng để chuẩn bị v&agrave; l&agrave;m b&agrave;i thi tốt hơn.&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Ch&uacute;c c&aacute;c bạn may mắn!</strong> </p><br/>Tags - <a href="http://hoctienganh.info/tag.php?tag=hocvietcoban" rel="tag">hocvietcoban</a>
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<link>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?517</link>
<title><![CDATA[Bài 11 - Easily Confused Word Pairs (Những cặp từ dễ gây nhầm lẫn)]]></title> 
<author>admin &lt;phamhongtu@gmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Học viết cơ bản]]></category>
<pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 16:11:48 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?517</guid> 
<description>
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	<p> <strong>T&oacute;m tắt b&agrave;i giảng</strong></p><p><strong><br /> <br /> </strong>C&aacute;c bạn c&oacute; lẽ đ&atilde; từng băn khoăn xem n&ecirc;n d&ugrave;ng<em> Threw </em>hay<em> through? To, two, </em>hay<em> too? Brake </em>hay<em> break?</em>&nbsp;&nbsp; Vậy th&igrave; b&agrave;i giảng n&agrave;y sẽ gi&uacute;p c&aacute;c bạn &ocirc;n lại một loạt những từ dễ g&acirc;y&nbsp;&nbsp;nhầm lẫn v&agrave; hướng dẫn bạn trường hợp n&agrave;o th&igrave; sẽ d&ugrave;ng ch&uacute;ng. Những từ&nbsp;&nbsp;được đề cập trong b&agrave;i n&agrave;y đều l&agrave; những từ phổ biến v&agrave; hay bị d&ugrave;ng sai.&nbsp;&nbsp;Ch&uacute;ng được chia ra l&agrave;m ba phần ri&ecirc;ng biệt v&agrave; mỗi phần đều c&oacute; b&agrave;i tập&nbsp;&nbsp;thực h&agrave;nh ở cuối. <br /> <br /> <strong>Những bộ ba dễ bị nhầm lẫn</strong><br /> <br /> <strong><em>Lead/Led/Lead</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Lead</strong> l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;động từ, c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>chỉ dẫn</em>. Đồng thời n&oacute; cũng l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>vị tr&iacute; đứng đầu</em>. N&oacute; c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng &acirc;m đọc với <em>seed</em>.<br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Led</strong> l&agrave; động từ dạng qu&aacute; khứ của<strong> lead,</strong> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>chỉ dẫn</em>. N&oacute; c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng &acirc;m đọc với <em>red.</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Lead</strong> l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>ch&igrave;. </em>N&oacute; c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng &acirc;m đọc với <em>red.</em> <br /> <br /> </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="57"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="433">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Geronimo <strong>led</strong> (<em>chỉ dẫn </em>) the small band to safety.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>We hope the next elected&nbsp;&nbsp; officials will <strong>lead</strong> (<em>chỉ dẫn</em>) us to economic recovery.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>A pound of styrofoam weighs as&nbsp;&nbsp; much as a pound of <strong>lead</strong> (<em>ch&igrave;</em>).</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Jake took the <strong>lead</strong> (<em>vị tr&iacute; đứng đầu </em>) as the group headed out of town.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>Quite/Quit/Quiet</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Quite</strong> l&agrave; trạng từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n, rất, kh&aacute;</em><em>.</em> N&oacute; c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng &acirc;m đọc với <em>fight</em>.<br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Quit</strong> l&agrave; trạng từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>bỏ, nghỉ, dừng lại.</em> N&oacute; c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng &acirc;m đọc với <em>sit.</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Quiet</strong> l&agrave; t&iacute;nh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>trầm tĩnh, y&ecirc;n lặng</em>, nhưng đồng thời n&oacute; cũng l&agrave; động từ với nghĩa<em> l&agrave;m dịu, lắng xuống</em>. N&oacute; c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng &acirc;m đọc với <em>r</em>iot.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="57"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="433">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The firm was <strong>quite</strong> (<em>rất</em>) surprised when its most productive investment specialist <strong>quit</strong> (<em>bỏ</em>) work and opted for the <strong>quiet</strong> (<em>trầm tĩnh </em>)&nbsp;&nbsp; life of a monk.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <br /> <strong><em>Right/Write/Rite</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Right</strong> l&agrave; t&iacute;nh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>đ&uacute;ng, th&iacute;ch đ&aacute;ng</em>, <em>b&ecirc;n phải.</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Write</strong> l&agrave; động từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave;<em> viết, ghi ch&eacute;p</em><em>.</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Rite</strong> l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>nghi thức, lễ nghi</em>.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="57"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="433">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I will <strong>write</strong> (<em>viết</em>) the exact procedures so you will be able to perform the <strong>rite</strong> (<em>nghi thức </em>) in the <strong>right</strong> (<em>đ&uacute;ng</em>) way.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>Sent/Cent/Scent</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Sent</strong> l&agrave; động từ dạng qu&aacute; khứ của <em>send.</em> N&oacute; c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>gửi, chuyển</em><em>.</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Cent</strong> l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>xu</em> (đơn vị tiền tệ), c&oacute; gi&aacute; trị bằng .01&nbsp;&nbsp;đ&ocirc;la.<br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Scent</strong> l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave;<em> m&ugrave;i hương</em>.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="57"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="433">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>For a mere <strong>cent</strong> (<em>xu</em>) I bought an envelope perfumed with the <strong>scent</strong> (<em>m&ugrave;i</em>)&nbsp;&nbsp; of jasmine. I <strong>sent</strong> (<em>gửi</em>) it to my grandmother.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>Sight/Site/Cite</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Sight</strong> l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>sự nh&igrave;n, thị lực</em>. Với vai tr&ograve; l&agrave; động từ th&igrave; c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave;<em> nh&igrave;n.</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Site</strong> l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>vị tr&iacute;, chỗ.</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Cite</strong> l&agrave; động từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>tr&iacute;ch dẫn.</em><br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="57"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="433">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>At ninety-five my&nbsp;&nbsp; grandmother's <strong>sight</strong> (<em>thị lực</em>) was acute enough to <strong>sight</strong> (<em>nh&igrave;n</em>) even the smallest error in a crocheted doily.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>This is the proposed <strong>site</strong> (<em>vị tr&iacute; </em>) for the new building.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>You must <strong>cite</strong> (<em>tr&iacute;ch dẫn </em>) the source of your information.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>To/Too/Two</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>To</strong> l&agrave; giới từ được d&ugrave;ng để giới thiệu một cụm giới từ, thường trả lời cho c&acirc;u hỏi &quot;<em>ở đ&acirc;u?</em>&quot;. V&iacute; dụ: <em>to&nbsp;&nbsp;the store, to the top, to my home, to&nbsp;&nbsp; our garden, to his laboratory,&nbsp;&nbsp;to his castle, to our advantage, to an open door,&nbsp;&nbsp; to a song, to the&nbsp;&nbsp;science room,vv...</em><br /> Ngo&agrave;i ra,&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>to</strong> cũng l&agrave; lối v&ocirc; định được d&ugrave;ng trước động từ (cũng c&oacute; khi được t&aacute;ch biệt với động từ bởi trạng từ). V&iacute; dụ: <em>to&nbsp;&nbsp;run, to&nbsp;&nbsp; jump, to want badly, to seek, to propose, to write, to&nbsp;&nbsp;explode, to sorely need,&nbsp;&nbsp; to badly botch, to carefully examine,vv...</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Too</strong> l&agrave; trạng từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>rất, qu&aacute;</em>.<br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Two</strong> l&agrave; số từ, c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; số 2.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="57"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="433">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The couple went <strong>to</strong> (giới từ) the deli <strong>to</strong> (<em>lối v&ocirc; định </em>) pick up <strong>two</strong> (<em>hai</em>) plate dinners because both of them were <strong>too</strong> (<em>rất</em>) tired <strong>to</strong> (<em>lối v&ocirc; định </em>) cook dinner.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>Where/Wear/Were</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Where</strong> l&agrave; trạng từ chỉ <em>địa điểm, nơi chốn</em>.<br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Wear</strong> l&agrave; động từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>mặc</em><em>.</em> Khi l&agrave; danh từ n&oacute; c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>sự hư hỏng.</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Were</strong> l&agrave; động từ to be ở th&igrave; qu&aacute; khứ, dạng số nhiều.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="57"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="433">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The slacks <strong>were</strong> (<em>to be ở th&igrave; qu&aacute; khứ </em>) too tight.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The tires showed excessive <strong>wear</strong> (<em>sự hư hỏng</em><em>)</em>.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>They will <strong>wear</strong> (<em>l&agrave;m m&ograve;n </em>) out these shoes if they <strong>wear</strong> (<em>đi</em>) them too much.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Where</strong> (<em>địa điểm </em>)&nbsp;&nbsp; are the clothes you <strong>were</strong> (<em>to be ở th&igrave; qu&aacute; khứ</em>) planning to <strong>wear</strong> (<em>mặc</em>) tomorrow.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh</strong>: Chọn phương &aacute;n đ&uacute;ng ở những c&acirc;u dưới đ&acirc;y. Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n sẽ được đưa ra ở cuối b&agrave;i.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="40" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="450" valign="top">The package will be (sent, cent, scent) if you add another (sent, cent, scent)&nbsp;&nbsp; of postage.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">We noticed the distinct (sent, cent, scent) of cat litter when we entered the&nbsp;&nbsp; door.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Was I (right, write, rite) in assuming I was to (right, write, rite) you a memo&nbsp;&nbsp; about this matter?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Who will be performing the (right, write, rite) of baptism at tomorrow's service?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">If you will simply be (quite, quit, quiet), I will&nbsp;&nbsp;be (quite, quit, quiet) happy&nbsp;&nbsp; to (quite, quit, quiet) annoying you&nbsp;&nbsp;with my constant request for a (quite,&nbsp;&nbsp; quit, quiet) atmosphere in&nbsp;&nbsp;which to work.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Our marching band (lead, led) the parade.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">The drum major, carrying a baton made of (lead, led), will (lead, led) the band. </td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Over the next ridge we will be able to (sight, site, cite) the (sight, site,&nbsp;&nbsp; cite) we've chosen for our new home.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">I would be honored to have you (sight, site, cite) me in your research.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Even though these trousers (where, wear, were) expensive, they are showing&nbsp;&nbsp; (where, wear, were) along the seams.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">11.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">(Where, wear, were) did you buy those earrings?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>Những từ dễ bị bỏ qua</strong><br /> <br /> <strong><em>Brake/Break</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Brake</strong> l&agrave; động từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>h&atilde;m lại, dừng lại</em>. Khi l&agrave; danh từ n&oacute; c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>c&aacute;i h&atilde;m, c&aacute;i phanh.</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Break</strong> l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;động từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>t&aacute;ch ra, l&agrave;m vỡ, ho&atilde;n lại.</em> Khi l&agrave; danh từ n&oacute; c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>sự t&aacute;ch biệt, sự ngắt, sự nghỉ</em><em>.</em><br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="57"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="433">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>During our <strong>break</strong> (<em>giờ nghỉ </em>) we spotted a <strong>break</strong> (<em>chỗ g&atilde;y, nứt </em>) in the pipeline.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Brake</strong> (<em>h&atilde;m lại </em>)&nbsp;&nbsp; gently when driving on glare ice by applying slight pressure to the <strong>brake</strong> (<em>c&aacute;i phanh </em>).</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <strong><em><br /> Passed/Past</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Passed</strong> l&agrave; động từ ở th&igrave; qu&aacute; khứ của <em>pass,</em> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>truyền, đi qua, mất đi, đỗ.</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Past</strong> l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>qu&aacute; khứ.</em> Khi l&agrave; t&iacute;nh từ n&oacute; c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>xưa, trước, cũ.</em> <br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The first runner <strong>passed</strong> (<em>truyền</em>) the baton to the second just as she <strong>passed</strong> (<em>đi qua</em>) the stands. Three seconds <strong>passed</strong> (<em>tr&ocirc;i qua</em>) before the next&nbsp;&nbsp; runner came by.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="57">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="433">Harriet <strong>passed</strong> (<em>qua, đỗ</em>) her bar exam on the first try.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I must have been a whale in a <strong>past</strong> (<em>xưa</em>) life.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Avoid digging up the <strong>past</strong> (<em>qu&aacute; khứ</em>) if you can.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>Peace/piece</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Peace</strong> l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh</em>.<br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Piece</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>mẩu, sự ph&acirc;n chia, s&aacute;ng t&aacute;c.</em> Khi l&agrave; động từ n&oacute; c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave;<em> nối, sửa.</em><br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="57"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="433">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>If you can <strong>piece</strong> (<em>nối</em>) together the <strong>pieces</strong> (<em>mẩu</em>) of this story, perhaps&nbsp;&nbsp; we can have some <strong>peace</strong> (<em>h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh</em>) around here.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>Plain/Plane</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Plain</strong> l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;t&iacute;nh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>b&igrave;nh thường, r&otilde; r&agrave;ng, đơn giản.</em> Khi l&agrave; danh từ n&oacute; c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>đồng bằng,</em> đ&ocirc;i khi n&oacute; cũng được viết th&agrave;nh <strong>plains</strong>.<br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Plane</strong> l&agrave; danh từ&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>m&aacute;y bay </em>hoặc <em>mặt phẳng.</em> Thỉnh thoảng n&oacute; cũng được d&ugrave;ng như l&agrave; động từ hoặc t&iacute;nh từ với nghĩa l&agrave; <em>san phẳng, bằng bẳng.</em><br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>They wore <strong>plain</strong> (<em>b&igrave;nh thường</em>) clothes.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="57">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="433">It was <strong>plain</strong> (<em>r&otilde; r&agrave;ng) </em> to see.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The meal we ate on the <strong>plains</strong> (<em>đồng bằng </em>) was quite <strong>plain</strong> (<em>đơn giản). </em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>It was <strong>plain</strong> (<em>r&otilde; r&agrave;ng </em>) to us that the enemy did not see our <strong>plane</strong> (<em>m&aacute;y bay </em>) sitting on the open <strong>plain</strong> (<em>đồng bằng). </em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>Scene/Seen</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Scene</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>cảnh, vị tr&iacute;, sự hỗn độn</em>.<br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Seen</strong> l&agrave; động từ dạng ph&acirc;n từ hai của <em>see,</em> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>xem, quan s&aacute;t, ch&uacute; &yacute;.</em><br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="52"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="438">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>We caused quite a <strong>scene</strong> (<em>sự hỗn độn</em>) at the <strong>scene</strong> (<em>vị tr&iacute;</em>) of the accident. It was the&nbsp;&nbsp; worst we had ever <strong>seen</strong> (<em>xem</em>).</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>Threw/Through</em></strong><br /> &bull; <strong>Threw</strong> l&agrave; động từ th&igrave; qu&aacute; khứ của <em>throw,</em> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>n&eacute;m, quăng.</em><br /> <br /> &bull; <strong>Through</strong> l&agrave; trạng từ hoặc giới từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>qua, xuy&ecirc;n suốt</em>. Ngo&agrave;i ra <strong>through</strong> c&ograve;n được d&ugrave;ng để giới thiệu những cụm giới từ như: <em>through the door, through&nbsp;&nbsp; the lobby, though the mist</em>.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Fred <strong>threw</strong> (<em>n&eacute;m</em>) the ball <strong>through</strong> (<em>qua</em>)&nbsp;&nbsp; the hoop.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><em>Weak/Week</em></strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>Weak</strong> l&agrave; t&iacute;nh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>yếu, non, k&eacute;m.</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>Week</strong> l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave;<em> tuần.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="51"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="439">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>The patient's heartbeat was so <strong>weak</strong> (<em>yếu</em>) that the doctor was certain he would be dead within a <strong>week</strong> (<em>tuần).</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><em>Which/Witch</em></strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>Which</strong> l&agrave; đại từ nghi vấn c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>g&igrave;, c&aacute;i n&agrave;o, người n&agrave;o, ai</em> (ngụ &yacute; chọn lựa). Khi l&agrave; trạng từ n&oacute; c&oacute; chức năng giới thiệu mệnh đề phụ thuộc.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>Witch</strong> l&agrave; danh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>ph&ugrave; thủy</em>.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Which (<em>ngụ &yacute; chọn lựa</em>) one do&nbsp;&nbsp; you want?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="57">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="433">This car, <strong>which</strong> (<em>giới thiệu mệnh đề phụ thuộc</em>) I have never driven, is the one I'm&nbsp;&nbsp; thinking about buying.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>I don't know <strong>which</strong> (<em>ngụ &yacute; chọn lựa</em>) <strong>witch</strong> (<em>ph&ugrave; thủy</em>) I should consult about my&nbsp;&nbsp; future.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh</strong>: Chọn phương &aacute;n đ&uacute;ng ở những c&acirc;u dưới đ&acirc;y. Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n sẽ được đưa ra ở cuối b&agrave;i.<em><strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="39">12.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="451">(Which, Witch) (which, witch) scares you the most?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>13.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Gerald (threw, through) away his opportunity when he walked (threw, through) the&nbsp;&nbsp; door.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>14.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Sally slammed on the (brake, break) when she saw the car ahead&nbsp;&nbsp;(brake, break) to&nbsp;&nbsp; avoid the (brake, break) in the concrete road.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>15.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Have you (scene, seen) that pathetic (scene, seen) in the movie?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>16.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>The confused (which, witch) couldn't decide (which, witch) broomstick to use on&nbsp;&nbsp; Halloween.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>17.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>The sales department has (passed, past) the record it had established in the&nbsp;&nbsp; (passed, past) year.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>18.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>We'll need at least a (weak, week) to repair the (weak, week) linkage in this&nbsp;&nbsp; machine.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>19.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>This (peace, piece) of news should give you some (peace, piece) of mind.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>20.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>The (plain, plane) brown packages were loaded on the (plain, plane).</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Viết t&aacute;ch hay viết liền</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><em>Already/All&nbsp;&nbsp; Ready</em></strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>Already</strong> l&agrave; trạng từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>đ&atilde;, rồi.</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>All ready</strong> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em> sẵn s&agrave;ng tuyệt đối.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;</em><strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>At age four, Brigitta is&nbsp;&nbsp; reading <strong>already</strong> (<em>rồi).</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="57">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="433">We had <strong>already</strong> (<em>đ&atilde;</em>) finished</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Are we <strong>all ready</strong> (<em>sẵn s&agrave;ng tuyệt đối </em>) to go?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><em>Altogether/All&nbsp;&nbsp; Together</em></strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>Altogether</strong> l&agrave; trạng từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n, hết thảy</em>.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>All together</strong> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>l&agrave;m c&ugrave;ng l&uacute;c.</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>These claims are <strong>altogether</strong> (<em>ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n</em>) false.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="57">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="433">The audience responded <strong>all&nbsp;&nbsp; together</strong> (<em>l&agrave;m c&ugrave;ng l&uacute;c</em><em>).</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><em>Everyday/Every&nbsp;&nbsp; Day</em></strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>Everyday</strong> l&agrave; t&iacute;nh từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>h&agrave;ng ng&agrave;y, th&ocirc;ng thường.</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>Every day</strong> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>mỗi ng&agrave;y</em>.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>These are our <strong>everyday</strong> (<em>th&ocirc;ng thường</em>) low prices.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="57">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="433">The associates sort the&nbsp;&nbsp; merchandise <strong>everyday</strong> (<em>mỗi ng&agrave;y</em><em>).</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><em>Maybe/May&nbsp;&nbsp; be</em></strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>Maybe</strong> l&agrave; trạng từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>c&oacute; thể, c&oacute; lẽ.</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>&bull; May be</strong> l&agrave; cụm động từ c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>c&oacute; thể</em> <em>l&agrave;.</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="47"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="443">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><strong>Maybe</strong> (<em>c&oacute; thể</em>)&nbsp;&nbsp; the next batch will be better than this one. On the other hand, it <strong>maybe</strong> (<em>c&oacute; thể</em> <em>l&agrave;</em>) worse.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Lu&ocirc;n lu&ocirc;n viết t&aacute;ch </strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>All right.</strong> Sẽ kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; từ <em>alright</em> mặc d&ugrave; đ&ocirc;i khi bạn c&oacute; thể viết nhầm như vậy.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull; <strong>A lot.</strong> Sẽ kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; từ <em>alot, </em>m&agrave; chỉ&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; từ <em>allot,</em> nhưng từ đ&oacute; lại c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>ph&acirc;n phối, chia phần.</em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="49"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="441">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>I thought it was <strong>all&nbsp;&nbsp; right</strong> that we <strong>allotted</strong> tickets to <strong>a lot</strong> of our best customers<strong>.</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh</strong>: Chọn phương &aacute;n đ&uacute;ng ở những c&acirc;u dưới đ&acirc;y. Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n sẽ được đưa ra ở cuối b&agrave;i.<em><strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="41" valign="top">21.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td width="449" valign="top">I (where, wear, were) my (everyday, every day) clothes almost (everyday, every&nbsp;&nbsp; day).</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td valign="top">22.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td valign="top">(Maybe, may be) we should design a new model. It (maybe, may be) just the thing&nbsp;&nbsp; to brighten our financial picture.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td valign="top">23.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td valign="top">If you had been (already, all ready), we could have (already, all ready) begun.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td valign="top">24.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td valign="top">You'll be (alright, all right) if you follow the instructions.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td valign="top">25.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td valign="top">When the staff is (altogether, all together), we should have (altogether, all&nbsp;&nbsp; together) enough brainpower for this project.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tbody></table>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500"><tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="44">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="446">sent, cent</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td> scent</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>right, write</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>rite</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>quiet, quite, quit, quiet</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>led</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>lead, lead</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>sight, site</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>cite</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>were, wear</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>11.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Where</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>12.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Which, witch</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>13.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>threw, through</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>14.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>brake, brake, break</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>15.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>seen, scene</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>16.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>witch, which</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>17.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>passed, past</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>18.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>week, weak</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>19.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>piece, peace</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>20.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>plain, plane</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>21.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>wear, everyday, every day</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>22.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Maybe, may be</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>23.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>all ready, already</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>24.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>all right</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>25.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>all together, altogether</td></tr></tbody></table><br/>Tags - <a href="http://hoctienganh.info/tag.php?tag=hocvietcoban" rel="tag">hocvietcoban</a>
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<link>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?516</link>
<title><![CDATA[Bài 10 - Problem Verbs and Pronouns (Những động từ và đại từ dễ nhầm lẫn)]]></title> 
<author>admin &lt;phamhongtu@gmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Học viết cơ bản]]></category>
<pubDate>Wed, 01 Sep 2010 18:33:00 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://hoctienganh.info/read.php?516</guid> 
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	<p><strong>B&agrave;i 10 - Problem Verbs and Pronouns (Những động từ v&agrave; đại từ dễ nhầm lẫn)<br /></strong></p><p><strong>T&oacute;m tắt b&agrave;i giảng</strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p><img class="insertimage" src="attachment.php?fid=37" border="0" /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B&agrave;i giảng n&agrave;y sẽ hướng dẫn c&aacute;c bạn c&aacute;ch sử dụng c&aacute;c cặp động từ v&agrave; đại từ dễ nhầm lẫn v&agrave; khuy&ecirc;n c&aacute;c bạn n&ecirc;n d&ugrave;ng <em>Sit</em> hay <em>set? Your</em> hay <em>you're? There</em> hay <em>their?</em> Hay <em>they're?</em> trong từng trường hợp cụ thể.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>N&oacute;i c&aacute;ch kh&aacute;c, b&agrave;i giảng sẽ đề cập đến những cặp động từ dễ nhầm lẫn như <em>lie/lay, sit/set, rise/raise,</em> v&agrave; những cặp đại từ dễ nhầm&nbsp;&nbsp;như <em>its/it's, your/you're, whose/who's,&nbsp;&nbsp; who/that/which,</em> v&agrave; <em>there/they're/their.</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;Khi viết những văn bản trang trọng, nếu bạn sử dụng đ&uacute;ng những động từ&nbsp;&nbsp;v&agrave; đại từ n&agrave;y bạn sẽ được đ&aacute;nh gi&aacute; như một tay viết được đ&agrave;o tạo chuy&ecirc;n&nbsp;&nbsp;nghiệp.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Những cặp động từ dễ nhầm lẫn </strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><em>Lie/Lay</em></strong><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Rất &iacute;t người d&ugrave;ng đ&uacute;ng cặp động từ <em>lie </em>v&agrave; <em>lay</em> cũng như&nbsp;&nbsp;những dạng chia của ch&uacute;ng, c&oacute; lẽ l&agrave; do họ kh&ocirc;ng nắm được r&otilde; sự kh&aacute;c biệt giữa hai từ.<br /> Động từ <em>lie</em> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>nằm, nằm nghỉ</em> c&ograve;n động từ <em>lay</em> lại c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>xếp, đặt</em>. Bảng dưới đ&acirc;y sẽ chỉ r&otilde; sự kh&aacute;c biệt giữa c&aacute;c dạng chia của hai động từ n&agrave;y.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="4" align="center"><strong>C&Aacute;C DẠNG CHIA CỦA <em>LIE V&Agrave; </em><em>LAY<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em></strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="103"><strong>Hiện tại&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="126"><strong>Tiếp diễn </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="119"><strong>Qu&aacute; khứ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="124"><strong>Ph&acirc;n từ hai</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>lie, lies</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>lying</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>lay</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>lain</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>lay, lays</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>laying</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>laid</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>laid</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> Để c&oacute; thể chia được đ&uacute;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;động từ <em>lie</em> hoặc <em>lay</em>, ban&nbsp;&nbsp;đầu bạn h&atilde;y chọn từ c&oacute; nghĩa ph&ugrave; hợp nhất với c&acirc;u rồi sau đ&oacute; xem động từ&nbsp;&nbsp;n&ecirc;n chia ở th&igrave; n&agrave;o th&igrave; ph&ugrave; hợp để đưa ra dạng đ&uacute;ng của từ. B&acirc;y giờ c&aacute;c&nbsp;&nbsp;bạn h&atilde;y quan s&aacute;t những v&iacute; dụ dưới đ&acirc;y để xem họ l&agrave;m như thế n&agrave;o nh&eacute;:<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="23" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="380" valign="top"> The garbage cans are _______&nbsp;&nbsp; in the middle of the street. [Y&ecirc;u cầu dạng tiếp diễn]</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Ta d&ugrave;ng từ lie (<em>nằm</em>) th&igrave; sẽ ph&ugrave; hợp hơn v&igrave; nếu như d&ugrave;ng từ lay (<em>đặt</em>) th&igrave; phải chia ở bị động.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Chọn: <em>lying</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="2" align="center" valign="top"><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Tương tự như vậy ta c&oacute; c&aacute;c c&acirc;u kh&aacute;c: </strong> <br /></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Keith told Nan to _______ the&nbsp;&nbsp; mail on the dining room table. [Y&ecirc;u cầu dạng hiện tại]</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Chọn <em>lay</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">The sandwiches _______ in the&nbsp;&nbsp; sun for over an hour before we ate them. [Y&ecirc;u cầu dạng qu&aacute; khứ]</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Chọn <em>lay</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Yesterday afternoon, I _______&nbsp;&nbsp; down for an hour. [Y&ecirc;u cầu dạng qu&aacute; khứ]</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Choose <em>lay</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Barry thought he had _______&nbsp;&nbsp; the papers near the copy machine. [Y&ecirc;u cầu dạng ph&acirc;n từ]</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Choose <em>laid</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh:</strong> Bạn h&atilde;y chia động từ&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>lie</em> hoặc <em>lay</em> rồi điền v&agrave;o những chỗ trống dưới đ&acirc;y. Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n sẽ được đưa ra ở cuối b&agrave;i.<br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="38">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="452">After the alarm sounded, I _____________ in bed for another hour.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>_____________ the packages on the mailroom floor.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The latest edition of the newspaper _____________ on the desk.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The paper carrier _____________the latest edition of the newspaper on the desk.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>No one had any idea how long the sandwiches had _____________ in&nbsp;&nbsp;the sun or who&nbsp;&nbsp; had _____________ them there in the first place.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong><em>Sit/Set</em></strong><br /> Cặp động từ n&agrave;y tương tự như cặp từ&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>lie </em>v&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>lay. Sit</em> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>ngồi </em>c&ograve;n <em>Set</em> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; để, đặt. </p> <p>Bảng dưới đ&acirc;y sẽ chỉ r&otilde; sự kh&aacute;c biệt giữa c&aacute;c dạng chia của hai động từ n&agrave;y. </p> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="4" align="center"><strong>C&Aacute;C DẠNG CHIA CỦA <em>SIT </em>V&Agrave; <em>SET</em><em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em></strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="103"><strong>Hiện tại </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="126"><strong>Tiếp diễn </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="119"><strong>Qu&aacute; khứ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="124"><strong>Ph&acirc;n từ hai</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>sit, sits</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>sitting</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>sat</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>sat</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>set, sets</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>setting</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>set</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>set</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Để c&oacute; thể chia được đ&uacute;ng&nbsp;&nbsp;động từ <em>sit</em> hoặc <em>set</em>, ban&nbsp;&nbsp;đầu bạn h&atilde;y chọn từ c&oacute; nghĩa ph&ugrave; hợp nhất với c&acirc;u rồi sau đ&oacute; xem động&nbsp;&nbsp;từ n&ecirc;n chia ở th&igrave; n&agrave;o th&igrave; ph&ugrave; hợp để đưa ra dạng đ&uacute;ng của từ. </p> <p>B&acirc;y giờ c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y quan s&aacute;t những v&iacute; dụ dưới đ&acirc;y để xem họ l&agrave;m như thế n&agrave;o nh&eacute;:</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="23">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="380">The speaker ____________ the&nbsp;&nbsp; chair next to the podium.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><p>Chọn <em>set</em></p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The speaker ____________ in&nbsp;&nbsp; the chair next to the podium.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Chọn <em>sat</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh:</strong> Bạn h&atilde;y chia động từ <em>sit</em> hoặc <em>set</em> rồi điền v&agrave;o những chỗ trống dưới đ&acirc;y. Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n sẽ được đưa ra ở cuối b&agrave;i.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="38" valign="top">6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="452" valign="top">The board of directors _____________ aside additional money for research and&nbsp;&nbsp; development.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">My desk is the one _____________ closest to the fax machine.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">I can't remember where I _____________ the mail down.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">I _____________ down next to Jill and _____________ my briefcase on the chair&nbsp;&nbsp; next to me.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">We had _____________ in the waiting room for almost an hour before the doctor&nbsp;&nbsp; saw us.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <p><strong><em>Rise/Raise</em></strong><br /> Động từ&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>rise</em> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>l&ecirc;n cao, nổi l&ecirc;n</em> c&ograve;n động từ <em>raise</em> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>đưa c&aacute;i g&igrave; l&ecirc;n cao</em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Raise</em> l&agrave; ngoại động từ n&ecirc;n đứng đằng sau <em>raise</em> bắt buộc phải c&oacute; bổ ngữ. </p> <p>V&iacute; dụ:<em> raise your hand, raise the flag, raise the objection, raise&nbsp;&nbsp; children</em>. </p> <p>Bảng dưới đ&acirc;y sẽ chỉ r&otilde; sự kh&aacute;c biệt giữa c&aacute;c dạng chia của hai động từ n&agrave;y. </p> <table border="1" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td colspan="4" align="center"><strong>C&Aacute;C DẠNG CHIA CỦA <em>RISE</em> V&Agrave; <em>RAISE</em><em><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em></strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="103"><strong>Hiện tại </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="126"><strong>Tiếp diễn </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="119"><strong>Qu&aacute; khứ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="124"><strong>Ph&acirc;n từ hai</strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>rises, rise</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>rising</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>rose</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>risen</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>raises, raise</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>raising</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>raised</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>raised</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <p> Để c&oacute; thể chia được đ&uacute;ng dạng cuả động từ <em>rise</em> hoặc <em>raise</em>, ban đầu bạn h&atilde;y chọn từ c&oacute; nghĩa ph&ugrave; hợp nhất với c&acirc;u rồi sau đ&oacute; chia động từ ở dạng ph&ugrave; hợp. </p> <p> B&acirc;y giờ c&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y quan s&aacute;t những v&iacute; dụ dưới đ&acirc;y nh&eacute;:</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="23" valign="top">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="380" valign="top">The sun _____________ a little&nbsp;&nbsp; bit earlier each day of the spring.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Chọn&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>rises</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Without realizing it, we began&nbsp;&nbsp; to _____________ our voices.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Chọn <em>raise</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">The river _____________ over&nbsp;&nbsp; two feet in the last hour.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Chọn <em>rose</em></td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <p><strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh:</strong> Bạn h&atilde;y chia động từ <em>rise </em>hoặc <em>raise</em><em> </em>rồi điền v&agrave;o những chỗ trống dưới đ&acirc;y. Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n sẽ được đưa ra ở cuối b&agrave;i.</p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="38" valign="top">11.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="452" valign="top">The guard _____________ the flag every morning before the sun _____________.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">12.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">The couple _____________ seven of their own children and adopted three more.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">13.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">By late morning the fog had _____________ enough for us to see the neighboring&nbsp;&nbsp; farm.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">14.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">The stockholders _____________ from their chairs to _____________ an objection.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>Những cặp đại từ dễ nhầm lẫn</strong><br /> <br /> <strong><em>Its/It's</em></strong><br /> <em>Its</em> l&agrave; t&iacute;nh từ sở hữu c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; của c&aacute;i đ&oacute;. C&ograve;n<em> It's</em> th&igrave; l&agrave; phần r&uacute;t gọn của <em>it&nbsp;&nbsp; is</em> hoặc <em>it has.</em><br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="60"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="430">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>A doe will hide <strong>its</strong> [của n&oacute;&mdash;the doe] fawn carefully before going out to graze.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>It's [it is] time <strong>we</strong> packed up and moved to a new location.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The new computer system has&nbsp;&nbsp; proven <strong>its</strong> [của n&oacute;] value.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>We'll leave the game as soon&nbsp;&nbsp; as <strong>it's</strong> [it is] over.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>Your/You're</em></strong><br /> <em>Your</em> l&agrave; t&iacute;nh từ sở hữu c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; của bạn, anh, chị<em>. </em>C&ograve;n <em>You're</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;th&igrave; l&agrave; phần r&uacute;t gọn của <em>you are.</em><br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="60"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="430">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Is this <strong>your</strong> [của bạn] idea of a joke?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>As soon as <strong>you're</strong> [you&nbsp;&nbsp; are] finished, you may leave.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Your</strong> [của bạn]&nbsp;&nbsp; friends are the people you most enjoy.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>You're</strong> [you are]&nbsp;&nbsp; friends whom we value.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>Whose/Who's</em></strong><br /> <em>Whose</em> l&agrave; t&iacute;nh từ sở hữu c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; <em>của ai. </em>C&ograve;n<em> Who's</em> th&igrave; l&agrave; phần r&uacute;t gọn của <em>who is</em> hoặc <em>who has.</em><br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="58"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="432">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="432"><strong>Who's</strong> [Who is] in&nbsp;&nbsp; charge of the lighting for the show?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Whose</strong> [của ai] car was that?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>This is the nurse <strong>who's</strong> [who is] on duty until morning.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Here is the man <strong>whose</strong> [của ai] car I ran into this morning.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>Who/That/Which</em></strong><br /> <em>Who </em>để chỉ người, <em>That</em> để chỉ vật, c&ograve;n <em>Which</em> thường được d&ugrave;ng để chỉ c&aacute;c mệnh đề kh&ocirc;ng giới hạn&nbsp;&nbsp;mi&ecirc;u tả sự vật, sự kiện. <p>C&aacute;c bạn h&atilde;y nh&igrave;n những c&acirc;u dưới đ&acirc;y để xem những đại từ n&agrave;y được d&ugrave;ng như thế n&agrave;o.<br /> <br /> </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="48"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="442">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>There is the woman <strong>who</strong> helped me fix my flat tire.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The man <strong>who</strong> invented&nbsp;&nbsp; the polio vaccine died in 1995.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>This is the house <strong>that</strong> Jack built.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The book <strong>that</strong> I wanted&nbsp;&nbsp; is no longer in print.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Abigail, <strong>who</strong> rescued my&nbsp;&nbsp; cat from the neighbor's tree, lives across the street.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Yassir Arafat, <strong>who</strong> heads the PLO, met with Israeli leaders.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The teacher asked us to read <em>Lord of the Flies,</em> <strong>which</strong> is my favorite novel.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Mt. Massive, <strong>which</strong> is&nbsp;&nbsp; the tallest peak in the Rocky Mountains, looms above Leadville, Colorado.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong><em>There/Their/They're</em></strong><br /> <em>There</em> l&agrave; một trạng từ d&ugrave;ng để chỉ nơi h&agrave;nh động diễn ra hoặc sự vật được đặt ở đ&oacute;. C&ograve;n <em>Their</em> l&agrave; t&iacute;nh từ sở hữu c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; của họ, của ch&uacute;ng. V&agrave; <em>They're</em> l&agrave; phần r&uacute;t gọn của <em>they&nbsp;&nbsp; are.</em> <p>Trong tất cả c&aacute;c nh&oacute;m từ thường g&acirc;y nhầm lẫn, đ&acirc;y l&agrave; nh&oacute;m từ hay bị&nbsp;&nbsp;d&ugrave;ng sai nhất. V&agrave; sau đ&acirc;y c&aacute;c bạn sẽ được giới thiệu những c&aacute;ch đơn giản&nbsp;&nbsp;để ph&acirc;n biệt ch&uacute;ng:<br /> <br /> &bull; Nếu để &yacute; kỹ từ t<strong>HERE, </strong>bạn&nbsp;&nbsp;c&oacute; thể dễ d&agrave;ng nhận thấy từ <em>there</em> c&oacute; bao gồm từ <em>here </em>ở trong đ&oacute;<em>.</em> V&igrave; vậy khi n&agrave;o bạn d&ugrave;ng từ <em>there </em>bạn đều c&oacute; thể thay thế bằng từ&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>here</em> m&agrave; c&acirc;u vẫn c&oacute; nghĩa.<br /> <br /> &bull; <em>Their</em> c&oacute; nghĩa l&agrave; của họ, của ch&uacute;ng. V&agrave; <em>their</em> c&oacute; thể dễ d&agrave;ng chuyển th&agrave;nh <em>them.</em> Bạn chỉ cần nối <em>i</em> với&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>r</em> v&agrave; vẽ th&ecirc;m n&eacute;t để th&agrave;nh <em>m</em>, như vậy l&agrave; c&oacute; thể chuyển <em>their</em> th&agrave;nh&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>them.</em> Nắm r&otilde; điều n&agrave;y sẽ gi&uacute;p bạn tr&aacute;nh được việc sử dụng sai t&iacute;nh từ sở hữu <em>their</em>.<br /> <br /> &bull; Cuối c&ugrave;ng bạn h&atilde;y tưởng tượng rằng dấu nối ở từ <em>they're</em> thực ra l&agrave; một chữ <em>a </em>rất nhỏ<em>. </em>Khi đ&oacute; <em>they're</em> sẽ trở th&agrave;nh <em>they are</em> v&agrave; bạn sẽ kh&ocirc;ng bao giờ d&ugrave;ng nhầm.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>B&acirc;y giờ bạn h&atilde;y xem những v&iacute; dụ dưới đ&acirc;y.<br /> <br /> </p> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="48"><strong>V&iacute; dụ </strong></td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="442">&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>There</strong> [here] is my&nbsp;&nbsp; paycheck.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>The new chairs are in <strong>there</strong> [here].</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>Their</strong> [belonging to&nbsp;&nbsp; them] time has almost run out.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>This is <strong>their</strong> [belonging to them] problem, not mine.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td><strong>They're</strong> [they are]&nbsp;&nbsp; planning to finish early in the morning.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>&nbsp;</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>I wonder how <strong>they're</strong> [they are] going to work this out.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh:</strong> Bạn h&atilde;y chọn phương &aacute;n đ&uacute;ng ở những c&acirc;u dưới đ&acirc;y. Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n sẽ được đưa ra ở cuối b&agrave;i. <br /> <br /> <table border="0" width="500">&nbsp;&nbsp; <tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="30" valign="top">15.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="460" valign="top">Finally, the dog stopped (its, it's) barking.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">16.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Alert me when (its, it's) time to go.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">17.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">(Its, It's) time to get a new clock when the old one stops (its, it's) chiming.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">18.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Take (your, you're) time with this decision.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">19.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Take (your, you're) samples with you if (your, you're) leaving.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">20.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">(Your, You're) scheduled to work late this evening.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">21.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">(Your, You're) schedule for this evening has changed.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">22.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">My aunt Sophie is the one (who, which, that) travels for a living.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">23.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">This is the book (who, which, that) I lost earlier this year.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">24.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Kirk Douglas, (who, which, that) is my favorite actor, finally received an Oscar&nbsp;&nbsp; nomination.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">25.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Redbird Creek, (who, which, that) runs through my back yard, floods every spring.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">26.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">There's the person (who, which, that) gave me directions to the museum.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">27.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">(Your, You're) likely to find the tapes in (there, their, they're).</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">28.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">(There, Their, They're) scheduled to begin construction next week.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">29.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">(Its, It's) been over an hour since (there, their, they're) food arrived.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">30.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">The clerk (who, which, that) gave me the estimate is over (there, their,&nbsp;&nbsp; they're).</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">31.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">(Who's, Whose) been opening the store in the morning?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">32.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">(Who's, Whose) responsibility is it to open the store in the morning?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">33.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">Hilda spoke to the person (who's, whose) in charge of electronics.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">34.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td valign="top">(Who's, Whose) birthday is it?</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <strong>B&agrave;i tập n&acirc;ng cao</strong><br /> Bạn h&atilde;y &ocirc;n lại những động từ hoặc đại từ dễ nhầm lẫn. Sau đ&oacute; h&atilde;y giải&nbsp;&nbsp;th&iacute;ch cho bạn b&egrave; hoặc người th&acirc;n c&aacute;ch d&ugrave;ng đ&uacute;ng những từ đ&oacute;. Ngo&agrave;i ra,&nbsp;&nbsp;trong ng&agrave;y h&ocirc;m nay bạn h&atilde;y cố gắng d&ugrave;ng đ&uacute;ng &iacute;t nhất 3 lần. <br /> <br /> <strong>Đ&aacute;p &aacute;n</strong> <br /> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<table border="0" width="500"><tbody><tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="33">1.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td width="457">lay</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>2.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>lay</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>3.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>lay</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>4.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>laid</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>5.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>lain, laid</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>6.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>set</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>7.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>sitting</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>8.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>set</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>9.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>sat, set</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>10.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>sat</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>11.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>raised, rose hoặc raises, rises</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>12.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>raised</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>13.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>risen</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>14.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>rose, raise</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>15.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>its</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>16.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>its</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>17.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>It's, its</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>18.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>your</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>19.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>your, you're</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>20.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>You're</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>21.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Your</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>22.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>who</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>23.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>that</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>24.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>who</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>25.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>which</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>26.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>who</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>27.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>You're, there</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>28.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>They're</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>29.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>It's, their</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>30.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>who, there</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>31.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Who's</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>32.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Whose</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>33.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>who</td>&nbsp;&nbsp; </tr>&nbsp;&nbsp; <tr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>34.</td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td>Whose</td></tr></tbody></table><br/>Tags - <a href="http://hoctienganh.info/tag.php?tag=hocvietcoban" rel="tag">hocvietcoban</a>
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